Characterizing the sleep location, patterns, and maternally perceived sleep problems of the infants of Māori and non-Māori mothers in Aotearoa New Zealand.

Objectives: To investigate potential sleep inequities between the infants of Māori and non-Māori mothers in Aotearoa New Zealand, identify socio-ecological factors associated with infant sleep, and determine features of infant sleep that contribute to a mother-perceived infant sleep problem.

Design: Secondary analysis of longitudinal data from the Moe Kura: Mother and Child, Sleep and Well-being in Aotearoa New Zealand study when infants were approximately 12 weeks old.

Participants: 383 Māori and 702 non-Māori mother-infant dyads.

Maternal depressive symptoms in and beyond the perinatal period: Associations with infant and preschooler sleep.

Study Objectives: (1) To describe sleep in infancy and early childhood among children born to mothers with and without clinically significant depressive symptoms, and (2) to explore the relationships between maternal depressive symptoms and sleep patterns and problems during infancy and early childhood.

Methods: Secondary analysis of longitudinal data from the Moe Kura: Mother and Child, Sleep and Wellbeing in Aotearoa/New Zealand study. Data was collected in pregnancy (T1), 12 weeks postpartum (T2), and 3 years post-birth (T3).

Feel the Fear and Do It Anyway-Beliefs About Compassion Predict Care and Motivation to Help Among Healthcare Professionals.

Aims: To develop and preliminarily validate a measure of beliefs about compassion in health care and assess whether and which beliefs may predict compassion.

Design: Pre-registered cross-sectional online survey study with a repeated-measures vignette component.

Method: Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor analyses were performed on a split sample of 890 healthcare professionals in Aotearoa New Zealand (NZ).

Healthcare compassion interventions co-design and feasibility inquiry with clinicians and healthcare leaders in Aotearoa/New Zealand.

Compassion in healthcare is valued by patients, healthcare professionals (HCPs), and leads to improved outcomes. Notwithstanding reports of systemic failings in the provision of compassionate care, research regarding ways to intervene remains limited. The aim of this study is to clarify compassion intervention needs in a diverse HCP workforce in public secondary healthcare in Aotearoa New Zealand (NZ) by utilising a co-design process.

Ethnic-specific characteristics associated with longitudinal response patterns from prebirth to 12 years: evidence from .

Background: Longitudinal studies can generate valuable scientific knowledge, but can be compromised by systematic attrition. Previous research shows that sociodemographic characteristics (eg, ethnicity, age, educational level, socioeconomic circumstances) are associated with attrition rates. However, little is known about whether these characteristics differ by ethnicity, and how this impacts cohort retention strategies.

Racism and Health Among Aotearoa New Zealand Young People Aged 15-24 years: Analysis of Multiple National Surveys.

Purpose: This Aotearoa New Zealand-based study addresses a gap in literature focusing on individual experiences of racism among adolescents and young adults and its links to health.

Methods: This cross-sectional study uses data from multiple instances of the New Zealand Health Survey (2002/03, 2006/07, 2011/12, 2016/17) and General Social Survey (2008-2016) restricted to participants aged 15-24 years. Prevalence of reported experiences of racism are estimated.

Inequities in adolescent sleep health in Aotearoa New Zealand: Cross-sectional survey findings.

Objectives: To investigate ethnic inequities in, and social determinants of, adolescent sleep health in Aotearoa New Zealand.

Methods: Analysis of self-report data from a cross-sectional survey of secondary school students (12- to 18-year-olds). Analyses included weighted prevalence estimates of good and poor sleep health stratified by ethnicity, and multivariable logistic regression models concurrently adjusted for ethnicity, school year, gender, rurality, neighborhood deprivation, school decile, housing deprivation, sleeping elsewhere due to lack of adequate housing, unsafe environment, and racism.

Examining the impact of COVID-19 on Māori:non-Māori health inequities in Aotearoa, New Zealand: an observational study protocol.

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has had both direct and indirect impacts on the health of populations worldwide. While racial/ethnic health inequities in COVID-19 infection are now well known (and ongoing), knowledge about the impact of COVID-19 pandemic management on non-COVID-19-related outcomes for Indigenous peoples is less well understood. This article presents the study protocol for the Health Research Council of New Zealand funded project 'Mā te Mōhio ka Mārama: Impact of COVID-19 on Māori:non-Māori inequities'.

Sleep inequities and associations between poor sleep and mental health for school-aged children: findings from the New Zealand Health Survey.

In Aotearoa/New Zealand, ethnic inequities in sleep health exist for young children and adults and are largely explained by inequities in socioeconomic deprivation. Poor sleep is related to poor mental health for these age groups but whether sleep inequities and associations with mental health exist for school-aged children is unclear. We aimed to (1) determine the prevalence of poor sleep health including sleep problems by ethnicity, (2) examine social determinants of health associated with poor sleep, and (3) investigate relationships between poor sleep and mental health for 5-14-year-olds using cross-sectional New Zealand Health Survey data ( = 8895).

Inequities in colonoscopy access: a retrospective audit of accepted referrals in Te Whatu Ora Counties Manukau.

Aim: Māori are more likely to have colorectal cancer (CRC) diagnosed in the emergency setting.[[1]] CRC patients diagnosed in the emergency setting have a higher stage, increased surgical complications and worse survival than those diagnosed elsewhere.[[2]] Access to colonoscopy is crucial to diagnosing CRC prior to an emergency presentation.

Do I care for you more when you really need help? An experimental test of the effect of clinical urgency on compassion in health care.

Objectives: To experimentally investigate whether more urgent patient presentations elicit greater compassion from health care professionals than less urgent, facilitating future research and thinking to address systemic barriers to compassion in health care.

Design: This is a pre-registered online study with an experimental, within-subjects repeated-measure study design. Two clinical vignettes that systematically varied the urgency of patient presentation were utilized.

Caregiver experiences of racism and child mental health outcomes: cross-sectional analysis from Aotearoa New Zealand.

Aims: This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of vicarious racism experienced by children (0-14 years) in Aotearoa New Zealand and investigate the association between vicarious racism and diagnosed child mental health conditions.

Methods: Adult and child 2016/2017 New Zealand Health Survey data were merged to create child-caregiver dyads. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to investigate the association between the caregiver experiences of racism (exposure) and diagnosed child mental health conditions (outcome), adjusting for confounders and exploring potential pathway variables.

Using Days Alive and Out of Hospital to measure inequities and possible pathways for them after cardiovascular surgery in Aotearoa New Zealand: study protocol for a secondary data analysis.

Introduction: In Aotearoa New Zealand (NZ), socioeconomic status and being of Māori ethnicity are often associated with poorer health outcomes, including after surgery. Inequities can be partially explained by differences in health status and health system biases are hypothesised as important factors for remaining inequities. Previous work identified inequities between Māori and non-Māori following cardiovascular surgery, some of which have been identified in studies between 1990 and 2012.

Working in value-discrepant environments inhibits clinicians' ability to provide compassion and reduces well-being: A cross-sectional study.

Background: The practice of compassion in healthcare leads to better patient and clinician outcomes. However, compassion in healthcare is increasingly lacking, and the rates of professional burnout are high. Most research to date has focused on individual-level predictors of compassion and burnout.

The economic cost of Indigenous child health inequities in Aotearoa New Zealand-an updated analysis for 2003-2014.

Aims: This study estimates of the cost of Indigenous child health inequities in New Zealand.

Methods: Standard quantitative epidemiological and cost of illness methodologies were used within a Kaupapa Māori framework. Data for 2003-2014 on children under 15 years were obtained from government datasets.

We still don't count: the under-counting and under-representation of Māori in health and disability sector data.

Aim: To examine ethnicity data quality; in particular, the representation and potential under-counting of Māori in health and disability sector data, as well as implications for inequities.

Methods: Māori and non-Māori ethnicity data are analysed at: 1) a population aggregate level across multiple 2018 datasets (Estimated Resident Population, Census Usually Resident Population, Health Service User (HSU) population and Primary Health Organisation (PHO) enrolments); and 2) an individual level for those linked in PHO and 2018 Census datasets. Ethnicity is drawn from the National Health Index (NHI) in health datasets and variations by age and gender are explored.

Analysis of deprivation distribution in New Zealand by ethnicity, 1991-2013.

Aims: To compare the distribution of Māori and New Zealand (NZ) European populations in Aotearoa New Zealand by neighbourhood deprivation, for the five censuses between 1991 and 2013, and to identify changes in the distribution pattern over time.

Methods: Geographical meshblock data from the 1991-2013 New Zealand censuses, by NZDep Index deprivation score, and by prioritised ethnic group population, were combined to analyse ethnic population counts by deprivation decile and deprivation score. Trends over time were analysed.

Estimating the economic costs of Indigenous health inequities in New Zealand: a retrospective cohort analysis.

Objectives: Despite significant international interest in the economic impacts of health inequities, few studies have quantified the costs associated with unfair and preventable ethnic/racial health inequities. This Indigenous-led study is the first to investigate health inequities between Māori and non-Māori adults in New Zealand (NZ) and estimate the economic costs associated with these differences.

Design: Retrospective cohort analysis.

Sociodemographic differences in 24-hour time-use behaviours in New Zealand children.

Background: The time that children spend in physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and sleep each day (i.e., 24-h time-use behaviours), is related to physical and mental health outcomes.

The role of sleep in health and health inequities in early childhood in Aotearoa New Zealand.

This research investigated associations between multiple aspects of sleep health and child health, and the role of sleep in ethnic health inequities in early childhood. Questionnaire data on sleep and health of 3-year-old children (340 Māori, 570 non-Māori) in the Moe Kura: Mother and Child, Sleep and Wellbeing in Aotearoa/New Zealand study were analysed cross-sectionally. Logistic regression models investigated associations between poor sleep and health; and the contribution of socioeconomic deprivation, racism, and poor sleep to ethnic inequities in health (socioemotional difficulties; overweight/obesity; and asthma/eczema/allergy).

Ethnicity, sex, and socioeconomic disparities in the treatment of traumatic rotator cuff injuries in Aotearoa/New Zealand.

Hypothesis And Background: Traumatic rotator cuff injuries can be a leading cause of prolonged shoulder pain and disability and contribute to significant morbidity and health care costs. Previous studies have shown evidence of sociodemographic disparities with these injuries. The purpose of this nationwide study was to better understand these disparities based on ethnicity, sex, and socioeconomic status, in order to inform future health care strategies.

Kaitiakitanga - principles for protecting and promoting tamariki and rangatahi wellbeing in Growing Up in New Zealand.

Growing Up in New Zealand (GUiNZ) is the largest contemporary longitudinal study of child development in Aotearoa New Zealand. The aim of the study was to recruit a large, socioeconomically and ethnically diverse cohort of children, with successful recruitment of 1246 pregnant Māori women. This paper describes the development and operationalisation of the GUiNZ Kaitiaki principles which provide a framework for ensuring that Māori rights and aspirations for research and policy development are upheld as part of the study.

Honouring care-experienced mokopuna Māori: creating conditions for wellbeing.

The cumulation of structural violence and wilful harm perpetuated by the state care system in Aotearoa has created a climate for change and calls for the establishment of a new system of care. Mokopuna Māori who have lived through the care system are being left out of this conversation. For transformational change to occur, there must be a focus on honouring these experiences and upholding mokopuna rights.