Comparative Effectiveness of Various Multi-Antigen Vaccines in Controlling in Broiler Chickens.

This study was undertaken to evaluate and compare the efficacy of different multi-antigen vaccines, including heat-inactivated, whole lysate, and subunit (outer membrane proteins [OMPs]) vaccines along with the immunostimulant CpG ODN in controlling colonization in chickens. In the first trial, 125 μg of OMPs and 50 μg of CpG ODN were administered individually or in combination, either in ovo to chick embryos or subcutaneously (SC) to one-day-old chicks. In the second trial, different concentrations of antigens (heat-killed, whole lysate, and OMPs) were administered SC to one-day-old chicks.