EPA guidance on lifestyle interventions for adults with severe mental illness: A meta-review of the evidence.

There is growing interest in lifestyle interventions as stand-alone and add-on therapies in mental health care due to their potential benefits for both physical and mental health outcomes. We evaluated lifestyle interventions focusing on physical activity, diet, and sleep in adults with severe mental illness (SMI) and the evidence for their effectiveness. To this end, we conducted a meta-review and searched major electronic databases for articles published prior to 09/2022 and updated our search in 03/2024.

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in the treatment of opioid use disorder: A narrative review.

It is estimated that over 16 million people are living with opioid use disorder (OUD) worldwide, with 2.1 million people in the United States. Opioid addiction is theorized to be associated with strong dopaminergic response to opioid receptor stimulations that contributes to reward-seeking behaviors and individuals' experiences with opioids.

Predictors of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor Treatment Failure in Persons With Cystic Fibrosis.

Introduction: Depression and anxiety are common in persons with cystic fibrosis (PwCF). Genetic polymorphisms in CYP2C19 and CYP2D6 are well-established predictors of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) treatment failure yet have not been studied specifically in PwCF. The purpose of this study was to determine the rate of SSRI failure in PwCF and to identify factors that predict treatment failure.

Students value relationship building in a student mentorship program.

Objective: To assess the needs and values of students regarding a new mentoring program.

Methods: An online survey was developed and sent to veterinary students through institutional email at the beginning and end of the year of initiating a faculty-student mentorship program.

Results: In September and May, the most commonly desired outcome of the program for students was the building of relationships.

Induced proximity labeling and editing for epigenetic research.

Epigenetic regulation plays a pivotal role in various biological and disease processes. Two key lines of investigation have been pursued that aim to unravel endogenous epigenetic events at particular genes (probing) and artificially manipulate the epigenetic landscape (editing). The concept of induced proximity has inspired the development of powerful tools for epigenetic research.

Design and Modification of COVID-19 Case Investigation and Contact Tracing Interview Scripts Used by Health Departments Throughout the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Objectives: We sought to (1) document how health departments (HDs) developed COVID-19 case investigation and contact tracing (CI/CT) interview scripts and the topics covered, and (2) understand how and why HDs modified those scripts.

Design: Qualitative analysis of CI/CT interview scripts and in-depth key informant interviews with public health officials in 14 HDs. Collected scripts represent 3 distinct points (initial, the majority of which were time stamped May 2020; interim, spanning from September 2020 to August 2021; and current, as of April 2022).

Initial Safety and Feasibility Results From a Phase 1, Diagnose-and-Treat Trial of Neoadjuvant Intratumoral Cisplatin for Stage IV NSCLC.

Neoadjuvant intratumoral cisplatin has the potential to generate substantial cytotoxicity and immune priming within the tumor environment, while minimizing systemic, off-target, adverse events. We initiated a phase 1A, 3+3 dose-ranging study of neoadjuvant, intratumoral cisplatin, delivered through endobronchial ultrasound bronchoscopy, in the same procedure as the initial diagnosis. There were no dose-limiting toxicity identified at the 20mg level.

Bridge to M4 (B2M4): An innovative residency application preparation curriculum.

Background: The medical residency application process is daunting, time-consuming, and variable, making mentorship in preparation for this process important. In light of changes to the residency application process due to the COVID-19 pandemic, medical students identified a need to create a formal residency application preparation curriculum. The curriculum focused on reflection, while also furthering professional development and preparing for the nuances of the residency application cycle through structured advising.

A new tissue-agnostic microfluidic device to model physiology and disease: the lattice platform.

To accurately phenocopy human biology , researchers have been reducing their dependence on standard, static two-dimensional (2D) cultures and instead are moving towards three-dimensional (3D) and/or multicellular culture techniques. While these culture innovations are becoming more commonplace, there is a growing body of research that illustrates the benefits and even necessity of recapitulating the dynamic flow of nutrients, gas, waste exchange and tissue interactions that occur . However, cost and engineering complexity are two main factors that hinder the adoption of these technologies and incorporation into standard laboratory workflows.

Ready Day One: What Residents and Program Directors Think is Needed for a Successful Transition to Residency.

Objective: To evaluate perceived gaps in preparedness, current on-boarding practices, and need for specialty wide resources in the transition to residency training in obstetrics and gynecology (OB/GYN) DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: A cross-sectional survey of current U.S. OB/GYN residents and program directors (PDs) at the time of the resident in-training exam was conducted in 2022.

From the Operating Room to the Cave: Ultrasound-Guided Locoregional Anesthesia in the Setting of Cave Rescue-A Description of 2 Cases.

Caving accidents are rare, but when they occur, they represent a unique logistical and medical challenge. Retrieving the patient to the surface often means navigating stretchers through narrow corridors with limited options for monitoring and interventions. Because the patient is usually not fasting, opioids and sedatives should be used with extreme caution.

Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle injection of cisplatin results in dynamic changes in the tumor immune microenvironment.

Rationale: Direct intratumoral delivery of cisplatin via endobronchial ultrasound guided-transbronchial needle injections (EBUS-TBNI) is a novel approach for salvage treatment of advanced stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The goal of this study was to evaluate changes in the tumor immune microenvironment during the course of EBUS-TBNI cisplatin therapy.

Methods: Under an IRB approved protocol, patients with recurrence after radiation therapy who were not receiving other cytotoxic therapy, were prospectively enrolled, and underwent weekly treatments with EBUS-TBNI with additional biopsies obtained for research.

Visualizing intratumoral injections in lung tumors by endobronchial ultrasound.

Real-time endobronchial ultrasound images are crucial for the accurate placement of the needle in peribronchial lung tumors and lymph nodes for diagnostic sampling. Beyond its role as a diagnostic tool, ultrasound-guided bronchoscopy can also aid the delivery of anti-cancer agents intratumorally, enabling diagnosis, staging, and treatment to occur within the same anesthesia, reducing the patient's burden. However, determining drug retention and distribution remains challenging, albeit pivotal in assessing the success or failure of the therapeutic intervention.

The relationship between blood-brain barrier dysfunction and neurocognitive impairments in first-episode psychosis: findings from a retrospective chart analysis.

Background: Even before the onset of psychotic symptoms, individuals with schizophrenia display cognitive impairments. Simultaneously, increasing amounts of individuals exhibit dysfunction of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). However, the impact of BBB dysfunction on neurocognitive impairment in people with first-episode psychosis has not yet been investigated.

Seeing Yourself Through the Learner's Eyes: Incorporating Smart Glasses Into Objective Structured Teaching Exercises for Faculty Development.

Introduction: Although physicians gain clinical knowledge in their specialty, it does not mean they receive adequate instruction to teach and provide feedback. Using smart glasses (SG) to provide educators with a first-person learner perspective has not been explored in faculty development such as Objective Structured Teaching Exercises (OSTEs).

Methods: Integrated within a 6-session continuing medical education-bearing certificate course, this descriptive study involved one session where participants provided feedback to a standardized student in an OSTE.

Facilitating an Optimal Transition to Residency in Obstetrics and Gynecology.

The transition to residency in obstetrics and gynecology is difficult, threatening the well-being of residents as well as their preparedness to care for patients. In addition to essential foundational knowledge and skills, obstetrics and gynecology interns must develop professional identity and a growth mindset toward learning to acquire the self-directed learning skills required of physicians throughout their careers. The transition to residency is a critical opportunity for learning and development.

Synthesis of Four Steroidal Carbamates with Antitumor Activity against Mouse Colon Carcinoma CT26WT Cells: In Vitro and In Silico Evidence.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most lethal cancers worldwide. If detected on time, surgery can expand life expectations of patients up to five more years. However, if metastasis has grown deliberately, the use of chemotherapy can play a crucial role in CRC control.

Analysis of cervical HPV infections among unvaccinated young adult women to inform vaccine strategies in this age group: the Costa Rica HPV Vaccine Trial.

Introduction: Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines protect against incident HPV infections, which cause cervical cancer.

Objectives: We estimated the prevalence and incidence of HPV infections in young adult women to understand the impact of an HPV vaccination programme in this population.

Methods: We collected cervical specimens from 6322 unvaccinated women, aged 18-37 years, who participated in the Costa Rica Vaccine Trial and its long-term follow-up.

Preventing caesarean section wound complications: use of a silver-impregnated antimicrobial occlusive dressing.

Objective: To investigate the role of an adherent soft silicone antimicrobial occlusive foam silver-impregnated dressing for reduction of surgical site infections (SSI) in primary low-transverse caesarean section (1°LTCS) delivery.

Method: Women aged 18-45 years admitted to the labour and delivery or the antepartum unit undergoing a 1°LTCS were recruited. Exclusion criteria included repeat caesarean, vertical skin incision, intrapartum fever and closure with staples.

Storing and analyzing a genome on a blockchain.

There are major efforts underway to make genome sequencing a routine part of clinical practice. A critical barrier to these is achieving practical solutions for data ownership and integrity. Blockchain provides solutions to these challenges in other realms, such as finance.

Alternative Options for Complex, Recurrent Pain States Using Cannabinoids, Psilocybin, and Ketamine: A Narrative Review of Clinical Evidence.

With emerging information about the potential for morbidity and reduced life expectancy with long-term use of opioids, it is logical to evaluate nonopioid analgesic treatments to manage pain states. Combinations of drugs can provide additive and/or synergistic effects that can benefit the management of pain states. In this regard, tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) modulate nociceptive signals and have been studied for chronic pain treatment.

Pharmacokinetics of a single dose of oclacitinib maleate as a top dress in adult horses.

The objective of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetic parameters of oclacitinib maleate as a top dress given to adult horses. Six adult horses with a mean weight of 528 kg were administered a single dose of 0.5 mg/kg oclacitinib maleate.

Aligned Poly-l-lactic Acid Nanofibers Induce Self-Assembly of Primary Cortical Neurons into 3D Cell Clusters.

Relative to two-dimensional (2D) culture, three-dimensional (3D) culture of primary neurons has yielded increasingly physiological responses from cells. Electrospun nanofiber scaffolds are frequently used as a 3D biomaterial support for primary neurons in neural tissue engineering, while hydrophobic surfaces typically induce aggregation of cells. Poly-l-lactic acid (PLLA) was electrospun as aligned PLLA nanofiber scaffolds to generate a structure with both qualities.