Jugular venous reflux may mimic type I dural arterio-venous fistula on arterial spin labeling magnetic resonance images.

Purpose: Previous studies have shown that arterial spin-labeling (ASL) has high sensitivity and specificity for detecting dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs). However, in case of jugular venous reflux (JVR), the labeled protons in the jugular vein may lead to a venous hypersignal in the jugular vein, sigmoid, and transverse sinus on ASL images and mimic DAVF.

Methods: To ascertain this hypothesis, two blinded senior neuroradiologists independently and retrospectively reviewed randomized ASL images and graded the likelihood of DAVF on a 5-point Likert scale in 2 groups of patients: (i) 13 patients with angiographically proven type I DAVF; and (ii) 11 patients with typical JVR diagnosed on the basis of clinical and MR imaging data, first using ASL alone, and second using ASL together with all of the sequences including 4D CE MRA.

Whole-Body Diffusion-weighted Imaging in Hodgkin Lymphoma and Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma.

Whole-body imaging, in particular molecular imaging with fluorine 18 ((18)F)-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET), is essential to management of lymphoma. The assessment of disease extent provided by use of whole-body imaging is mandatory for planning appropriate treatment and determining patient prognosis. Assessment of treatment response allows clinicians to tailor the treatment strategy during therapy if necessary and to document complete remission at the end of treatment.