Outcomes Associated with the use of High Dose Corticosteroids and IL-6 Inhibitors for the Treatment of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Secondary to SARS COV-2.

Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, treatment strategies evolved rapidly. The RECOVERY trial established corticosteroids as the standard care for reducing mortality in COVID-19 patients. However, some critical care clinicians began using doses higher than those recommended in RECOVERY.

qSOFA does not predict bacteremia in patients with severe manifestations of sepsis.

Background: Bloodstream infections in septic patients may be missed due to preceding antibiotic therapy prior to obtaining blood cultures. We leveraged the FABLED cohort study to determine if the quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA) score could reliably identify patients at higher risk of bacteremia in patients who may have false negative blood cultures due to previously administered antibiotic therapy.

Methods: We conducted a multi-centre diagnostic study among adult patients with severe manifestations of sepsis.

Absence of association between persistent skin lesion and virological replication in severe disseminated monkeypox infection in solid organ transplant recipient.

The Monkeypox (mpox) virus outbreak has been controlled worldwide. We report the case of a combined pancreas-kidney transplant recipient who presented a severe and prolonged cutaneous infection with onset of 3 successive rashes while receiving tecovirimat therapy. During follow-up, skin lesions, blood and throat samples were collected.

Gut colonisation with multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae worsens Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection.

Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE) are spreading rapidly in hospital settings. Asymptomatic CPE gut colonisation may be associated with dysbiosis and gut-lung axis alterations, which could impact lung infection outcomes. In this study, in male C57BL/6JRj mice colonised by CPE, we characterise the resulting gut dysbiosis, and analyse the lung immune responses and outcomes of subsequent Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection.

Prevalence of Antimicrobial Resistance and Infectious Diseases in a Hospitalised Migrant Population in Paris, France, a Retrospective Study.

The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of anti-microbial resistance (AMR) carriage and its risk factors in hospitalized migrants. Additionally, the prevalence of infectious diseases was evaluated, as well as symptoms of psychological trauma. We conducted a retrospective monocentric cross-sectional study including all migrant patients recently arrived and hospitalised over a one-year period.

High Frequency of Specific Polysaccharide Antibody Deficiency in Adults With Unexplained, Recurrent and/or Severe Infections With Encapsulated Bacteria.

Background: Primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs) in adults are mainly revealed by recurrent and/or severe bacterial infections. The objective of this study was to evaluate a systematic research strategy of PIDs in adults with unexplained bacterial infections, with a special focus on specific polysaccharide antibody deficiency (SPAD).

Methods: In this prospective multicenter study, inclusion criteria were recurrent benign upper and lower respiratory tract infections (RTIs) for at least two years (group 1), at least one upper or lower RTI requiring hospitalization (group 2), and/or at least one invasive infection documented with encapsulated bacteria (group 3).

Protein-losing Enteropathy as a Complication and/or Differential Diagnosis of Common Variable Immunodeficiency.

As protein-losing enteropathy (PLE) can lead to hypogammaglobulinemia and lymphopenia, and since common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is associated with digestive complications, we wondered if (1) PLE could occur during CVID and (2) specific features could help determine whether a patient with antibody deficiency has CVID, PLE, or both. Eligible patients were thus classified in 3 groups: CVID + PLE (n = 8), CVID-only (= 19), and PLE-only (n = 13). PLE was diagnosed using fecal clearance of α1-antitrypsin or 111In-labeled albumin.

Neither Blood Culture Positivity nor Time to Positivity Is Associated With Mortality Among Patients Presenting With Severe Manifestations of Sepsis: The FABLED Cohort Study.

Background: Sepsis is a leading cause of morbidity, mortality, and health care costs worldwide.

Methods: We conducted a multicenter, prospective cohort study evaluating the yield of blood cultures drawn before and after empiric antimicrobial administration among adults presenting to the emergency department with severe manifestations of sepsis. Enrolled patients who had the requisite blood cultures drawn were followed for 90 days.

Severe SARS-CoV-2 patients develop a higher specific T-cell response.

Objectives: Assessment of the adaptive immune response against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is crucial for studying long-term immunity and vaccine strategies. We quantified IFNγ-secreting T cells reactive against the main viral SARS-CoV-2 antigens using a standardised enzyme-linked immunospot assay (ELISpot).

Methods: Overlapping peptide pools built from the sequences of M, N and S viral proteins and a mix (MNS) were used as antigens.

Management of delirium in a medical and surgical intensive care unit.

What Is Known And Objective: Delirium has been associated with increased mortality and prolonged hospital length of stay among critical care patients. Furthermore, treatment of delirium remains variable amongst clinicians due to limited evidence. The objective of this study was to determine the local incidence of delirium and to characterize the effectiveness and safety of pharmacological therapy used to treat delirium.

Use of fibrinogen concentrate for trauma-related bleeding: A systematic-review and meta-analysis.

Background: Trauma-induced coagulopathy contributes to significant morbidity and mortality in patients who experience trauma-related bleeding. This study aimed to synthesize the evidence supporting the efficacy and safety of preemptive and goal-directed fibrinogen concentrate (FC) in the management of trauma-related hemorrhage.

Methods: PubMed, Medline, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, ClinicalTrials.

Vasopressin for Septic Shock in a Medical-Surgical Intensive Care Unit.

Background: Critically ill patients often need vasopressors to treat hypotension related to septic shock and to maintain adequate systemic perfusion. Although the 2017 guidelines of the Surviving Sepsis Campaign recommend norepinephrine as first-line therapy, they also state that vasopressin may be considered as an adjunctive agent for patients with refractory shock. Limited evidence is available for directing optimal administration of vasopressin.

Clinical relevance of Clostridium bacteremia: An 8-year retrospective study.

Clostridium spp. are recovered from 25% of the blood culture positive with anaerobes. However, the clinical relevance of Clostridium bacteremia has been controverted in the literature, particularly for C.

Serious Infectious Events and Immunoglobulin Replacement Therapy in Patients With Autoimmune Disease Receiving Rituximab: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background: Rituximab (RTX) is widely administered to patients with autoimmune disease (AID). This study aimed to estimate the incidence of serious infectious events (SIEs) after RTX initiation in patients with AID. We also described the characteristics and risk factors of SIEs, and immunoglobulin replacement therapy (IgRT) strategies.