Genetic determinants underlying the progressive phenotype of β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor resistance in .

The increased feasibility of whole-genome sequencing has generated significant interest in using such molecular diagnostic approaches to characterize difficult-to-treat, antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) infections. Nevertheless, there are current limitations in the accurate prediction of AMR phenotypes based on existing AMR gene database approaches, which primarily correlate a phenotype with the presence/absence of a single AMR gene. Our study utilized a large cohort of cephalosporin-susceptible bacteremia samples to determine how increasing the dosage of narrow-spectrum β-lactamase-encoding genes in conjunction with other diverse β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor (BL/BLI) genetic determinants contributes to progressively more severe BL/BLI phenotypes.

Significant Publications on Infectious Diseases Pharmacotherapy in 2019.

Purpose: To provide a summary of the most prominent peer-reviewed infectious diseases (ID) pharmacotherapy and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-related articles published in 2019.

Summary: Houston Infectious Diseases Network (HIDN) members were asked to nominate articles that they believed were most influential within the ID and HIV pharmacotherapy science communities. A total of 48 general ID and 6 HIV-related articles were nominated.

An Overview of the Treatment of Less Common Non-Lactose-Fermenting Gram-Negative Bacteria.

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Burkholderia cepacia complex, Elizabethkingia spp., Chryseobacterium spp., Achromobacter spp.

A combination of ceftaroline and daptomycin has synergistic and bactericidal activity in vitro against daptomycin nonsusceptible methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).

There is an urgent need to optimize therapeutic options in patients with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteremia who have failed conventional therapy. Two clinical isolates were obtained from a 68-year-old male with persistent MRSA bacteremia before and after the development of daptomycin nonsusceptibility. The pharmacodynamic activity of monotherapies and combinations of ceftaroline, daptomycin, cefoxitin, nafcillin and vancomycin were evaluated in time-kill experiments versus 10 CFU/mL of the pre- and post-daptomycin nonsusceptible MRSA isolates.