Characteristics and associations of high-mitotic-rate melanoma.

Importance: Mitotic rate is now recognized as having independent prognostic significance in melanoma survival. However, its clinicopathologic associations have not been the focus of any previous study.

Objective: To identify a set of patient and tumor characteristics associated with high-mitotic-rate melanoma with the aim of facilitating the earlier detection of aggressive primary invasive melanoma.

Neuropathy in a patient with lymphocytic thrombophilic arteritis.

A 35-year-old Lebanese woman presented with a 3-year history of persistent, localized livedo racemosa over her feet, distal legs and forearms that was associated with the development of lower limb sensorimotor neuropathy. Investigations revealed the patient was heterozygous for prothrombin gene mutation and was also found to have a T-cell receptor gamma chain gene rearrangement. Histological examination revealed a mid-lower dermal medium vessel lymphocytic vasculitis with prominent fibrinoid ring within its wall.

IRE1α induces thioredoxin-interacting protein to activate the NLRP3 inflammasome and promote programmed cell death under irremediable ER stress.

When unfolded proteins accumulate to irremediably high levels within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), intracellular signaling pathways called the unfolded protein response (UPR) become hyperactivated to cause programmed cell death. We discovered that thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) is a critical node in this "terminal UPR." TXNIP becomes rapidly induced by IRE1α, an ER bifunctional kinase/endoribonuclease (RNase).

The use of methotrexate in dermatology: a review.

Methotrexate is a synthetic folic acid analogue valued for both its anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory properties. Considered one of the original immune-modifying agents, it is used widely for the treatment of steroid-recalcitrant inflammatory diseases. While there are abundant studies documenting its efficacy in rheumatic diseases, the use of methotrexate for dermatological conditions, with the exception of psoriasis, has yet to be comprehensively explored.

Peritoneal oleogranulomatosis after laparoscopic gastric banding.

Laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding is one of the most frequently performed bariatric operations worldwide owing to its low incidence of iatrogenic complications. Peritoneal oleogranulomatosis, a sequelae of mineral oil contact with tissues, has not been reported in the context of bariatric surgery. We present the case of a 52-year-old woman with an incidental finding of peritoneal oleogranulomatosis at laparoscopic cholecystectomy, who had previously undergone laparoscopic gastric banding.

A rare case of bilateral variations of upper limb arteries: brief review of nomenclature, embryology and clinical applications.

We present a rare case of bilateral variations of upper limb arteries, namely, the superficial brachioulnoradial artery and the superficial brachioradial artery in a female cadaver. The superficial brachioulnoradial artery presented here is a variant of classical accounts. The superficial arteries replaced the typical arteries and were not additional vessels.

A comparative anatomical study of brachioradialis and flexor carpi ulnaris muscles: implications for total tongue reconstruction.

Background: Total or subtotal glossectomy following resection of intraoral tumors causes significant morbidity. Recent surgical endeavors have focused on the creation of a neotongue with both sensory and motor innervation. Although various local or regional free flaps have been used for this purpose, the optimal donor site remains undecided.