A Randomized Controlled Trial of Repeated Ketamine Administration for Chronic Posttraumatic Stress Disorder.

Objective: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a chronic and disabling disorder, for which available pharmacotherapies have limited efficacy. The authors' previous proof-of-concept randomized controlled trial of single-dose intravenous ketamine infusion in individuals with PTSD showed significant and rapid PTSD symptom reduction 24 hours postinfusion. The present study is the first randomized controlled trial to test the efficacy and safety of repeated intravenous ketamine infusions for the treatment of chronic PTSD.

Stress-related reduction of hippocampal subfield volumes in major depressive disorder: A 7-Tesla study.

Background: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a prevalent health problem with complex pathophysiology that is not clearly understood. Prior work has implicated the hippocampus in MDD, but how hippocampal subfields influence or are affected by MDD requires further characterization with high-resolution data. This will help ascertain the accuracy and reproducibility of previous subfield findings in depression as well as correlate subfield volumes with MDD symptom scores.

Becoming an inner ally: the compassionate minds approach to self-compassion - an online programme.

A rapidly growing body of evidence indicates the enormous psychological burden of working in health care on nurses and other health professionals that is resulting in high levels of psychological problems. These will have profound effects on individuals and long-term ramifications for healthcare systems. Effective interventions that can counter the adverse psychological effects of caring during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond are urgently required.

On what motivates us: a detailed review of intrinsic extrinsic motivation.

Motivational processes underlie behaviors that enrich the human experience, and impairments in motivation are commonly observed in psychiatric illness. While motivated behavior is often examined with respect to extrinsic reinforcers, not all actions are driven by reactions to external stimuli; some are driven by 'intrinsic' motivation. Intrinsically motivated behaviors are computationally similar to extrinsically motivated behaviors, in that they strive to maximize reward value and minimize punishment.

HIV at 40: reflections on and development of interdisciplinary working in HIV care.

This article reflects on 40 years of HIV and the growing need to work collaboratively to improve outcomes for people living with HIV. It reflects on the history of interdisciplinary working in HIV care in the UK and discusses the development of links between the professions of nursing and clinical psychology. Both professions had contributed to the development of the .

Perivascular spaces as a marker of psychological trauma in depression: A 7-Tesla MRI study.

Introduction: Emerging evidence in depression suggests that blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown and elevated inflammatory cytokines in states of persistent stress or trauma may contribute to the development of symptoms. Signal-to-noise ratio afforded by ultra-high field MRI may aid in the detection of maladaptations of the glymphatic system related to BBB integrity that may not be visualized at lower field strengths.

Methods: We investigated the link between glymphatic neuroanatomy via perivascular spaces (PVS) and trauma experience in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and in healthy controls using 7-Tesla MRI and a semi-automated segmentation algorithm.

Altered hippocampus and amygdala subregion connectome hierarchy in major depressive disorder.

The hippocampus and amygdala limbic structures are critical to the etiology of major depressive disorder (MDD). However, there are no high-resolution characterizations of the role of their subregions in the whole brain network (connectome). Connectomic examination of these subregions can uncover disorder-related patterns that are otherwise missed when treated as single structures.

Neuroimaging correlates and predictors of response to repeated-dose intravenous ketamine in PTSD: preliminary evidence.

Promising initial data indicate that the glutamate N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist ketamine may be beneficial in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Here, we explore the neural correlates of ketamine-related changes in PTSD symptoms, using a rich battery of functional imaging data (two emotion-processing tasks and one task-free scan), collected from a subset of participants of a randomized clinical trial of repeated-dose intravenous ketamine vs midazolam (total N = 21). In a pre-registered analysis, we tested whether changes in an a priori set of imaging measures from a target neural circuit were predictive of improvement in PTSD symptoms, using leave-one-out cross-validated elastic-net regression models (regions of interest in the target circuit consisted of the dorsal and rostral anterior cingulate cortex, ventromedial prefrontal cortex, anterior hippocampus, anterior insula, and amygdala).

Computer Vision-Based Assessment of Motor Functioning in Schizophrenia: Use of Smartphones for Remote Measurement of Schizophrenia Symptomatology.

Introduction: Motor abnormalities have been shown to be a distinct component of schizophrenia symptomatology. However, objective and scalable methods for assessment of motor functioning in schizophrenia are lacking. Advancements in machine learning-based digital tools have allowed for automated and remote "digital phenotyping" of disease symptomatology.

A Randomized Controlled Trial of Repeated Ketamine Administration for Chronic Posttraumatic Stress Disorder.

Objective: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a chronic and disabling disorder, for which available pharmacotherapies have limited efficacy. The authors' previous proof-of-concept randomized controlled trial of single-dose intravenous ketamine infusion in individuals with PTSD showed significant and rapid PTSD symptom reduction 24 hours postinfusion. The present study is the first randomized controlled trial to test the efficacy and safety of repeated intravenous ketamine infusions for the treatment of chronic PTSD.

The emergence of ketamine as a novel treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder.

A serious lack of effective pharmacotherapeutic interventions for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) raises the urgent need for the development of novel treatments. Ketamine-a noncompetitive glutamate N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist in use for decades as an anesthetic and analgesic agent-has more recently been demonstrated to have rapid-onset antidepressant effects in patients with treatment-resistant depression (TRD). In the present review of ketamine as an emerging novel pharmacotherapeutic intervention for chronic PTSD, we discuss findings from the first proof-of-concept, randomized clinical trial (RCT) of single-dose intravenous ketamine in patients with chronic PTSD, as well as open-label studies and current practice.

Neural correlates of rumination in major depressive disorder: A brain network analysis.

Patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) exhibit higher levels of rumination, i.e., repetitive thinking patterns and exaggerated focus on negative states.

Comparison of self-report and clinician-rated schizotypal traits in schizotypal personality disorder and community controls.

Given the common use of self-report questionnaires to assess schizotypy in personality pathology and schizophrenia research, it is important to determine the concordance between self-report and clinician ratings. 250 individuals with schizotypal personality disorder (SPD) and 116 community controls (CTR) were assessed on schizotypal traits using a clinical interview, the Structured Interview for DSM-IV Personality disorders (SIDP), and a self-report questionnaire, the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ). Ordinal logistic regressions examined concordance between self-reported and clinician-rated scores in CTR and SPD separately.

Vulvar Lesions in an 8-Year-Old Girl: Cutaneous Manifestations of Multisystem Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis.

Background: Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare localized or systemic disease characterized by proliferation of myeloid-derived dendritic cells. Vulvar lesions might be the herald symptom of LCH and might mimic other cutaneous lesions. Prognosis varies widely on the basis of the extent and spread of disease.