Physical activity intensity and older adolescents' stress: The 'STress-Reactivity after Exercise in Senior Secondary EDucation' (STRESSED) 3-arm randomised controlled trial.

Objectives: Late adolescence (15-19 years) is a period of heightened susceptibility to stress, but regular physical activity may attenuate reactivity to stressors. We aimed to explore the effects of physical activity intensity on older adolescents' stress-reactivity and self-reported mental health.

Design And Methods: Three-arm randomised controlled trial in New South Wales, Australia (April-June 2021).

Effects of Moderate- Versus Vigorous-Intensity Exercise Training on Asthma Outcomes in Adults.

Background: The therapeutic effects of exercise have prompted calls for it to be embedded into standard asthma care, but evidence informing the optimal exercise intensity is lacking.

Objective: This study aimed to compare the effects of moderate- and vigorous-intensity aerobic exercise training on asthma outcomes and inflammation.

Methods: This was a 12-week randomized controlled trial in 46 adults with asthma randomized to either (1) 45-minute moderate-intensity exercise training 3 times/wk, (2) 30-minute vigorous-intensity exercise training 3 times/wk, or (3) the control group.

Newcastle 1000 (NEW1000) Study: an Australian population-based prospective pregnancy cohort study design and protocol.

Introduction: Multiple cohort studies have been established to investigate the impact of early life factors on development and health outcomes. In Australia the majority of these studies were established more than 20 years ago and, although longitudinal in nature, are inherently susceptible to socioeconomic, environmental and cultural influences which change over time. Additionally, rapid leaps in technology have increased our understanding of the complex role of gene-environment interactions in life course health, highlighting the need for new cohort studies with repeated biological sampling and in-depth phenotype data across the first 1000 days of life from conception.

Effect of obesity on airway and systemic inflammation in adults with asthma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Obesity is associated with more severe asthma, however, the mechanisms responsible are poorly understood. Obesity is also associated with low-grade systemic inflammation; it is possible that this inflammation extends to the airways of adults with asthma, contributing to worse asthma outcomes. Accordingly, the aim of this review was to examine whether obesity is associated with increased airway and systemic inflammation and adipokines, in adults with asthma.

The intergenerational effects of parental physical activity on offspring brain and neurocognition in humans: A scoping review.

Animal models suggest physical activity (PA) has intergenerational effects on brain health and neurocognition. This scoping review compiles the human literature in this area, identifies knowledge gaps, and makes recommendations for future research. We systematically searched for experimental or observational studies conducted in humans, published in English, and reporting parental PA exposure (preconception or prenatal) and subsequent offspring brain and neurocognition.

Effect of high-intensity interval training on hippocampal metabolism in older adolescents.

Although well-evidenced in older adults, the effects of exercise on the hippocampus in youth are relatively unknown. This study examined the impact of a 6-month school-based physical activity intervention on hippocampal metabolism in adolescents using magnetic resonance spectroscopy. A subset of lower fit older adolescents [N = 56, 61% female, 16.

Effects of Classroom-Based Resistance Training With and Without Cognitive Training on Adolescents' Cognitive Function, On-task Behavior, and Muscular Fitness.

Participation in classroom physical activity breaks may improve children's cognition, but few studies have involved adolescents. The primary aim of this study was to examine the effects of classroom-based resistance training with and without cognitive training on adolescents' cognitive function. Participants were 97 secondary school students (45.

Physical Activity, Fitness, and Executive Functions in Youth: Effects, Moderators, and Mechanisms.

Over the last decade, a growing body of research has examined the link between physical activity, fitness, and cognitive function in children and adolescents. Physical activity experimental research conducted with children and adolescents has identified selectively greater effects for tasks requiring higher order executive functions. As such, the primary aim of our chapter is to provide an overview of findings from systematic reviews and meta-analyses that have examined the effects of physical activity on measures of executive function in child and adolescent populations.

Injuries in Netball-A Systematic Review.

Background: Netball is estimated to be played by more than 20 million people worldwide, but there is evidence of high injury incidence. A thorough understanding of the types and rates of netball injuries is essential for effective injury management and prevention strategies to be developed and implemented. This systematic review summarises the published findings with respect to injury types, participant characteristics and any identified risk factors for netball injuries.

The Impact of Physical Activity on Brain Structure and Function in Youth: A Systematic Review.

Context: Advances in neuroimaging techniques have resulted in an exponential increase in the number of studies investigating the effects of physical activity on brain structure and function. Authors of studies have linked physical activity and fitness with brain regions and networks integral to cognitive function and scholastic performance in children and adolescents but findings have not been synthesized.

Objective: To conduct a systematic review of studies in which the impact of physical activity on brain structure and function in children and adolescents is examined.

School-based physical activity intervention for older adolescents: rationale and study protocol for the Burn 2 Learn cluster randomised controlled trial.

Introduction: This trial aims to investigate the impact of a school-based physical activity programme, involving high-intensity interval training (HIIT), on the physical, mental and cognitive health of senior school students.

Methods And Analysis: The Burn 2 Learn (B2L) intervention will be evaluated using a two-arm parallel group cluster randomised controlled trial with allocation occurring at the school level (to treatment or wait-list control). Schools will be recruited in two cohorts from New South Wales, Australia.

Aerobic exercise and consecutive task-specific training (AExaCTT) for upper limb recovery after stroke: A randomized controlled pilot study.

Objective: This study examined the feasibility of a parallel-group assessor-blinded randomized controlled trial investigating whether task-specific training preceded by aerobic exercise (AEX + TST) improves upper limb function more than task-specific training (TST) alone.

Methods: People with upper limb motor dysfunction after stroke were allocated to TST or AEX + TST. Both groups were prescribed 60 hr of TST over 10 weeks (3 × 1-hr sessions with a therapist per week and 3 × 1 hr of home-based self-practice per week).

AExaCTT - Aerobic Exercise and Consecutive Task-specific Training for the upper limb after stroke: Protocol for a randomised controlled pilot study.

Motor function may be enhanced if aerobic exercise is paired with motor training. One potential mechanism is that aerobic exercise increases levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), which is important in neuroplasticity and involved in motor learning and motor memory consolidation. This study will examine the feasibility of a parallel-group assessor-blinded randomised controlled trial investigating whether task-specific training preceded by aerobic exercise improves upper limb function more than task-specific training alone, and determine the effect size of changes in primary outcome measures.