Association between attendance at an American diabetes camp and improvements in glycaemic control and treatment satisfaction.

Introduction: Few studies have evaluated glycaemic control using continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in individuals before and after attendance at a diabetes camp or by comparing control groups at home to control groups at camp.

Methods: Youth (6-17 years) with T1D and receiving insulin therapy were enrolled at a week-long diabetes camp. They participated in three clinic visits: at the start of a week at home, by initiating a Dexcom G6 CGM system; at the start of a week at camp, where the home week G6 was removed and a camp week G6 was inserted; and after camp, where the camp week G6 was removed.

Performance of the Dexcom G6 Continuous Glucose Monitoring System in Pregnant Women with Diabetes.

The aim of this study was to determine the performance of the Dexcom G6 continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) system across three sensor wear sites in pregnant women with diabetes in the second or third trimesters. Participants with type 1 (T1D), type 2 (T2D), or gestational (GDM) diabetes mellitus were enrolled at three sites. Each wore two G6 sensors on the abdomen, upper buttock, and/or posterior upper arm for 10 days and underwent a 6-h clinic session between days 3 and 7 of sensor wear, during which YSI reference blood glucose values were obtained every 30 min.

Real-World Hypoglycemia Avoidance With a Predictive Low Glucose Alert Does Not Depend on Frequent Screen Views.

Background: Frequent real-time continuous glucose monitoring (rtCGM) data viewing has been associated with reduced mean glucose and frequent scanning of an intermittently scanned continuous glucose monitoring (isCGM) system has been associated with reduced hypoglycemia for patients with diabetes. However, requiring patients to frequently interact with their glucose monitoring devices to detect actual or impending hypoglycemia is burdensome. We hypothesized that a predictive low glucose alert, which forecasts glucose ≤55 mg/dL within 20 minutes and is included in a new rtCGM system, could mitigate hypoglycemia without requiring frequent device interaction.

Real-World Hypoglycemia Avoidance with a Continuous Glucose Monitoring System's Predictive Low Glucose Alert.

Background: Programmable and fixed auditory and/or vibratory threshold alerts are essential features of real-time continuous glucose monitoring (rtCGM) systems that provide users time to intervene before the onset of clinical hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia. A sixth-generation rtCGM system from Dexcom, Inc. (G6) includes a new alert that is triggered when an algorithm predicts that an estimated glucose value ≤55 mg/dL will occur within 20 min, allowing users more time to act to avoid hypoglycemia.

Real-Time Sharing and Following of Continuous Glucose Monitoring Data in Youth.

Background: Those caring for children and adolescents with diabetes often use glucose concentration and trending information in management decisions. Some continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) systems offer real-time sharing and monitoring capabilities through mobile apps carried by the person with diabetes and the caregiver(s), respectively. Few large studies have explored real-world associations between sharing and following, CGM utilization, and glycemic outcomes.

Accuracy, Utilization, and Effectiveness Comparisons of Different Continuous Glucose Monitoring Systems.

Background: Accuracy and feature sets of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) systems may influence device utilization and outcomes. We compared clinical trial accuracy and real-world utilization and effectiveness of two different CGM systems.

Materials And Methods: Separately conducted accuracy studies of a fifth-generation and a sixth-generation CGM system involved 50 and 159 adults, respectively.

Performance of a Factory-Calibrated, Real-Time Continuous Glucose Monitoring System in Pediatric Participants With Type 1 Diabetes.

Background: The perceived value and consistent use of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) systems depends in part on their accuracy. We assessed the performance of a sixth-generation CGM system (Dexcom G6) in children and adolescents.

Methods: Forty-nine participants (6-17 years of age, mean ± SD of 13.

The Effect of Reduced Self-Monitored Blood Glucose Testing After Adoption of Continuous Glucose Monitoring on Hemoglobin A1c and Time in Range.

The effectiveness of real-time continuous glucose monitoring (rtCGM) in adults with diabetes treated with insulin injections was evaluated in the 24-week DIAMOND clinical trial comparing rtCGM users to a control group using self-monitored blood glucose (SMBG) testing ( Clinicaltrials.gov : NCT02282397). All participants were instructed to use SMBG results for diabetes management decisions; however, SMBG testing frequency varied within the rtCGM group.

Dendritic cell development-History, advances, and open questions.

Dendritic cells (DCs) are uniquely potent in orchestrating T cell immune response, thus they are indispensable immune sentinels. They originate from progenitors in the bone marrow through hematopoiesis, a highly regulated developmental process involving multiple cellular and molecular events. This review highlights studies of DC development-from the discovery of DCs as glass-adherent antigen presenting cells to the debate and resolution of their origin and lineage map.

Clonal analysis of human dendritic cell progenitor using a stromal cell culture.

Different dendritic cell (DC) subsets co-exist in humans and coordinate the immune response. Having a short life, DCs must be constantly replenished from their progenitors in the bone marrow through hematopoiesis. Identification of a DC-restricted progenitor in mouse has improved our understanding of how DC lineage diverges from myeloid and lymphoid lineages.

Restricted dendritic cell and monocyte progenitors in human cord blood and bone marrow.

In mice, two restricted dendritic cell (DC) progenitors, macrophage/dendritic progenitors (MDPs) and common dendritic progenitors (CDPs), demonstrate increasing commitment to the DC lineage, as they sequentially lose granulocyte and monocyte potential, respectively. Identifying these progenitors has enabled us to understand the role of DCs and monocytes in immunity and tolerance in mice. In humans, however, restricted monocyte and DC progenitors remain unknown.

Circulating precursors of human CD1c+ and CD141+ dendritic cells.

Two subsets of conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) with distinct cell surface markers and functions exist in mouse and human. The two subsets of cDCs are specialized antigen-presenting cells that initiate T cell immunity and tolerance. In the mouse, a migratory cDC precursor (pre-CDC) originates from defined progenitors in the bone marrow (BM).