Psychological test usage in duchenne muscular dystrophy: An EU multi-centre study.

Aim: During the last two decades brain related comorbidities of Duchenne have received growing scientific and clinical interest and therefore systematic assessment of cognition, behaviour and learning is important. This study aims to describe the instruments currently being used in five neuromuscular clinics in Europe as well as the diagnoses being made in these clinics.

Method: A Delphi based procedure was developed by which a questionnaire was sent to the psychologist in five of the seven participating clinics of the Brain Involvement In Dystrophinopathy (BIND) study.

Extended Opioid Exposure Modulates the Molecular Metabolism of Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma.

Opioids are commonly prescribed for extended periods of time to patients with advanced clear cell renal cell carcinoma to assist with pain management. Because extended opioid exposure has been shown to affect the vasculature and to be immunosuppressive, we investigated how it may affect the metabolism and physiology of clear cell renal cell carcinoma. RNA sequencing of a limited number of archived patients' specimens with extended opioid exposure or non-opioid exposure was performed.

PD-L1 Mediates IFNγ-Regulation of Glucose but Not of Tryptophan Metabolism in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma.

The immune checkpoint programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) is expressed on the cell surface of tumor cells and is key for maintaining an immunosuppressive microenvironment through its interaction with the programmed death 1 (PD-1). Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is a highly immunogenic cancer characterized by an aberrant aerobic glycolytic metabolism and is known to overexpress PD-L1. Multiple immunotherapies have been approved for the treatment of ccRCC, including cytokines and immune checkpoint inhibitors.

Analyzing the Role of Gut Microbiota on the Onset of Autoimmune Diseases Using TNF Murine Model.

Very little is known about disease transmission via the gut microbiome. We hypothesized that certain inflammatory features could be transmitted via the gut microbiome and tested this hypothesis using an animal model of inflammatory diseases. Twelve-week-old healthy C57 Bl/6 and Germ-Free (GF) female and male mice were fecal matter transplanted (FMT) under anaerobic conditions with TNF donors exhibiting spontaneous Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) and Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) or with conventional healthy mice control donors.

Brain magnetic resonance imaging pattern and outcome in children with haemolytic-uraemic syndrome and neurological impairment treated with eculizumab.

Aim: The aim of this study was to describe the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings and the neurological and neuropsychological outcomes in paediatric, diarrhoea-associated haemolytic-uraemic syndrome (D+HUS) with central nervous system impairment treated with eculizumab, a monoclonal antibody.

Method: The 14-month single-centre prospective study included seven children (three males, four females; age range 16 mo-7 y 8 mo; median age 3 y 7 mo) with typical D+HUS and acute neurological impairment. In the acute phase of the disease, neurological assessment and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), including measurement of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), were performed, and neuropsychological evaluation and brain MRI were also carried out 6 months after disease onset.

Free exploration of painting uncovers particularly loose yoking of saccades in dyslexics.

Binocular yoking of saccades is essential for single vision of words during reading. This study examines the quality of binocular coordination in individuals with dyslexia, independent of the process of reading. Fifteen dyslexia children (11.