Analysis of genotype-by-environment interactions in a maize mapping population.

Genotype-by-environment interactions are a significant challenge for crop breeding as well as being important for understanding the genetic basis of environmental adaptation. In this study, we analyzed genotype-by-environment interactions in a maize multiparent advanced generation intercross population grown across 5 environments. We found that genotype-by-environment interactions contributed as much as genotypic effects to the variation in some agronomically important traits.

Modeling allelic diversity of multiparent mapping populations affects detection of quantitative trait loci.

The search for quantitative trait loci that explain complex traits such as yield and drought tolerance has been ongoing in all crops. Methods such as biparental quantitative trait loci mapping and genome-wide association studies each have their own advantages and limitations. Multiparent advanced generation intercross populations contain more recombination events and genetic diversity than biparental mapping populations and are better able to estimate effect sizes of rare alleles than association mapping populations.

Developing Medical Affairs Leaders Who Create the Future.

Medical affairs has evolved over recent years from a support, to a partner, to a strategic leadership function. In the future, there will be significant changes in healthcare and pharmaceutical industries, and many of these will be due to technological advances and digitalisation. Medical affairs will be largely influenced by these developments in terms of partnerships with key stakeholders, embracing innovation and patient-centric healthcare, and demonstrating value for novel treatment options.

"The Facts in the Case of M. Valdemar": Undead Bodies and Medical Technology.

This paper examines the relationship between medical technology and liminal states of "undeath" as presented in "The Facts in the Case of M. Valdemar" and the real-life case of Jahi McMath, who was maintained on life support for over four years following a diagnosis of brain death. Through this juxtaposition, "Valdemar" comes to function as a modern fable, an uneasy herald of medical technology's potential to create liminal states between life and death.

Initiatives to Enhance Primary Care Delivery: Two Examples from the Field.

Objectives: Increasing demands on primary care providers have created a need for systems-level initiatives to improve primary care delivery. The purpose of this paper is to describe and present outcomes for two such initiatives: the Pennsylvania Academy of Family Physicians' Residency Program Collaborative (RPC) and the St. Johnsbury Vermont Community Health Team (CHT).

Evaluation design of New York City's regulations on nutrition, physical activity, and screen time in early child care centers.

This article describes the multi-method cross-sectional design used to evaluate New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene's regulations of nutrition, physical activity, and screen time for children aged 3 years or older in licensed group child care centers. The Center Evaluation Component collected data from a stratified random sample of 176 licensed group child care centers in New York City. Compliance with the regulations was measured through a review of center records, a facility inventory, and interviews of center directors, lead teachers, and food service staff.

Measurement of compliance with New York City's regulations on beverages, physical activity, and screen time in early child care centers.

Introduction: Policy interventions designed to change the nutrition environment and increase physical activity in child care centers are becoming more common, but an understanding of the implementation of these interventions is yet to be developed. The objective of this study was to explore the extent and consistency of compliance with a policy intervention designed to promote nutrition and physical activity among licensed child care centers in New York City.

Methods: We used a multimethod cross-sectional approach and 2 independent components of data collection (Center Evaluation Component and Classroom Evaluation Component).

Compliance with New York City's beverage regulations and beverage consumption among children in early child care centers.

Introduction: This article examines the association between the New York City regulations on beverages served in child care centers and beverage consumption among enrolled children. The regulations include requirements related to beverages served to children throughout the day.

Methods: Beverage consumption data were collected on 636 children enrolled in 106 group child care centers in New York City.

Training and technical assistance for compliance with beverage and physical activity components of New York City's regulations for early child care centers.

Introduction: In 2006, the New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene (DOHMH) passed regulations for child care centers that established standards for beverages provided to children and set a minimum amount of time for daily physical activity. DOHMH offered several types of training and technical assistance to support compliance with the regulations. This article analyzes the association between training and technical assistance provided and compliance with the regulations in a sample of 174 group child care centers.