Partial syntheses of aromatic amides: their anti-urease potential and docking studies.

The aromatic amide: ---coumaroyltyramine () was isolated for the first time from the stem bark of (Ulmaceae). Its four new derivatives (-) and previously reported diacetylated product () have been synthesized and characterized spectroscopically followed by their screening for anti-urease potential. The diacetylated product () was found to be the most potent inhibitor with an IC value of 19.

Aflatoxin B1-induced dysfunction in male rats' reproductive indices were abated by Sorghum bicolor (L.Moench) hydrophobic fraction.

The burden of infertility distresses millions of families worldwide. The harmful effects of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) on the reproductive system involve oxidative stress, culminating in inflammation and cellular apoptosis. The phytochemical in Sorghum bicolor is rich in antioxidants and anti-inflammatory activities.

The Hydrophobic Extract of (L. Moench) Enriched in Apigenin-Protected Rats against Aflatoxin B-Associated Hepatorenal Derangement.

Aflatoxin B1 (AFB) is a recalcitrant metabolite produced by fungi species, and due to its intoxications in animals and humans, it has been classified as a Group 1 carcinogen in humans. Preserving food products with sheath can minimise the contamination of agricultural products and avert ill health occasioned by exposure to AFB. The current study investigated the ameliorating effect of sheath hydrophobic extract (SBE-HP) enriched in Apigenin (API) on the hepatorenal tissues of rats exposed to AFB1.

Coadministration of gallic acid abates zearalenone-mediated defects in male rat's reproductive function.

As gallic acid (GA) role in zearalenone (ZEN); mediated reproductive dysfunction has not been studied, we report on GA's effect on reproductive dysfunction in rats treated with ZEN-100 µg/kg alone, or with GA-40 mg/kg; for 4 weeks. The mycotoxin ZEN contaminates crops, causing toxicity on ingestion, economic losses, and alters reproductive function. Relative to control, GA reversed ZEN-induced reduction of rats' testicular function enzymes and reproductive hormones and improved ZEN-impaired sperm quality.

Co-administration of Luteolin mitigated toxicity in rats' lungs associated with doxorubicin treatment.

Doxorubicin (DOX), is a drug against lung malignancies with undesirable side effect including oxidative, inflammatory and apoptotic effects. Luteolin (LUT), present in fruits and vegetables is pharmacologically active against oxido-inflammatory and apoptotic responses. The present study examined the effect of LUT on DOX-induced lungs and blood dysfunction in Wistars rat (sex: male; 10 weeks old, 160 ± 5 g).

Long-Term Hyperglycemia Impairs Hormonal Balance and Induces Oxidative Damage in Ovaries of Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Wistar Rat.

Reproductive dysfunction following insulin deficiency in Diabetes Mellitus has been well reported among diabetic patients. However, the mechanism through which Diabetes alters reproductive function remains oblivion. While most studies have focused on diabetes mellitus in male subjects, there have been cases on altered reproductive functions in females.

Gallic acid and omega-3 fatty acids mitigate epididymal and testicular toxicity in manganese-treated rats.

Environmental contamination by manganese is correlated with diverse health outcomes plus reproductive dysfunction. Dietary gallic acid (GA) and omega-3 fatty acids (ω-3-FA) are well reported to elicit beneficial health effects. Though, information on GA and ω-3-FA effects on manganese-induced reproductive toxicity is absent in literature.

Gallic acid and omega-3 fatty acids decrease inflammatory and oxidative stress in manganese-treated rats.

Humans and animals are regularly exposed to toxic chemicals with subsequent adverse effects. Manganese exposure occurs via contaminated sources; over-exposure is associated with neuronal, hepatorenal dysfunction, etc. This work advances the field of natural chemopreventive agents by reporting evidence lacking in the literature on GA and ω-3-FA obtained primarily from the diet in protecting biological beings against toxic chemicals.

The Effects of versus Aqueous Extracts on Lipid Metabolism and Antioxidants in Hypercholesterolemic Rats.

Background: (PG) and (SI) have been shown to be rich sources of antioxidants and other health benefits; hence, we evaluated the impact of its consumption in hypercholesterolemic model on lipid metabolism.

Methods: Forty-eight animals were divided into eight groups of six rats each. Rats were given cholesterol (40 mg/0.

Zinc, lead, and cadmium levels in serum and milk of lactating women in Ibadan, Nigeria.

Zinc (Zn) is known to interact with lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) reversing their toxicity and reducing their concentrations. However, lactating women are at high risk of developing Zn deficiency, which may result in Pb and Cd intoxication or increased exposure of breast-fed infants to Pb and Cd from breast milk. The aim of this study was to determine Zn, Pb, and Cd concentrations and examine their relationship in serum and breast milk of lactating women in Ibadan, Nigeria.

Aqueous extract of Monodora myristica ameliorates cadmium-induced hepatotoxicity in male rats.

In recent years, indigenous medicinal plants exhibiting diverse biological activities have been explored in the amelioration of hepatotoxicity. This study investigates the protective effect of Monodora myristica (MM) on cadmium-induced liver damage in experimental animals. Male Wistar albino rats were maintained on 200 mg/L cadmium: Cd (Cd as CdCl2) in the animals' main drinking water to induce hepatotoxicity.

Cardioprotective and Antioxidant Influence of Aqueous Extracts from Sesamum indicum Seeds on Oxidative Stress Induced by Cadmium in Wistar Rats.

Background: Oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathogenesis of several acute and chronic diseases of the heart as a result of indiscriminate exposure to cardiotoxic heavy metals. The study reported here was designed to evaluate the possible ameliorative effect of aqueous extracts from Sesamum indicum (SI) seeds on oxidative stress induced by cadmium (Cd) in Wistar rats.

Materials And Methods: Daily administration of Cd (200 mg/L Cd as CdCl2) in the animals' main drinking water for 21 days led to oxidative stress.

Anti-fatty liver effects of oils from Zingiber officinale and Curcuma longa on ethanol-induced fatty liver in rats.

Objective: The present study is aimed at evaluating the protective effects of oils from Zingiber officinale (ginger) and Curcuma longa (turmeric) on acute ethanol-induced fatty liver in male Wistar rats.

Methods: Ferric reducing antioxidant power activity and oxygen radical absorbance capacity of the oils were evaluated ex vivo. Rats were pretreated for 28 d with standard drug (Livolin Forte) and oils from Z.

Hepatoprotective effect of aqueous extract of Aframomum melegueta on ethanol-induced toxicity in rats.

In recent years there have been remarkable developments in the prevention of diseases, especially with regards to the role of free radicals and antioxidants. Ethanol-induced oxidative stress appears to be one mechanism by which ethanol causes liver injury. The protective effect of aqueous plant extract of Aframomum melegueta on ethanol-induced toxicity was investigated in male Wistar rats.

Hypolipidemic and antioxidant potentials of Xylopia aethiopica seed extract in hypercholesterolemic rats.

A short-term study was carried out on Wistar strain rats to determine the effects of Xylopia aethiopica extract on serum and postmitochondrial fractions (PMFs) of visceral organs in experimental hypercholesterolemia. Animals received normal diet and were administered cholesterol orally by intubations at a dose of 40 mg/kg/0.3 mL, plant extracts at 250 mg/kg, and cholestyramine (Questran®, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Hounslow, United Kingdom) at 0.

Amides from the stem bark of Fagara macrophylla.

Five new amide alkaloids, N-(4-hydroxyphenethyl)octacosanamide (1), N-(4-hydroxyphenethyl)hexacosanamide (2), N-(4-hydroxyphenethyl)decanamide (3), N-vanilloyltyramine (4), and N-[O-docosanoylvanilloyl]tyramine (5), were isolated from Fagara macrophylla, together with 15 known compounds. Their structures were established by using spectroscopic techniques, chemical reactions, and comparison with previously known analogues. A cytotoxicity assay was performed with the isolates, in which compounds 4, 8, and 9 were found to possess moderate to weak activity, with IC(50) values of 30.