National Utilization Trends of Inpatient Procedures for Symptomatic Uterine Fibroids and Adenomyosis: A 10-Year Analysis.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine changes in procedural utilization for symptomatic uterine fibroids and adenomyosis from 2011 to 2020.

Methods: An institutional review board-exempt retrospective study of the National Inpatient Sample database from 2011 to 2020 was performed using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, and International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision, diagnosis and procedural codes for uterine fibroids, adenomyosis, hysterectomy, myomectomy, uterine artery embolization (UAE), and endometrial ablation. Patients with endometriosis, uterine cancer, placenta accreta spectrum, pelvic inflammatory disease, and uterine prolapse were excluded.

Racial and Ethnic Variation in Diagnostic Mammography Performance among Women Reporting a Breast Lump.

Background: We evaluated diagnostic mammography among women with a breast lump to determine whether performance varied across racial and ethnic groups.

Methods: This study included 51,014 diagnostic mammograms performed between 2005 and 2018 in the Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium among Asian/Pacific Islander (12%), Black (7%), Hispanic/Latina (6%), and White (75%) women reporting a lump. Breast cancers occurring within 1 year were ascertained from cancer registry linkages.

Breast exam use during the protracted COVID-19 pandemic, by age, race, and geography.

In this study we analyzed data collected from the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic through March 31, 2022, to identify temporal shifts in breast exam volume. Screening mammography volume stabilized toward the end of the study period, and diagnostic exam volume varied over time and by age. Older women experienced a decline in diagnostic exam volume between August 2020 and April 2021 that was not observed among women aged younger than 50 years (50-69 years: monthly percentage change [MPC] = -6.

Diagnostic Mammography Performance across Racial and Ethnic Groups in a National Network of Community-Based Breast Imaging Facilities.

Background: We evaluated differences in diagnostic mammography performance based on women's race/ethnicity.

Methods: This cohort study included 267,868 diagnostic mammograms performed to evaluate screening mammogram findings at 98 facilities in the Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium between 2005 and 2017. Mammogram assessments were recorded prospectively and breast cancers occurring within one year were ascertained.

Mammographic Density Decline, Tamoxifen Response, and Prognosis by Molecular Characteristics of Estrogen Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer.

Background: Mammographic breast density (MBD) decline post-tamoxifen initiation is a favorable prognostic factor in estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer (BC) and has potential utility as a biomarker of tamoxifen response. However, the prognostic value of MBD decline may vary by molecular characteristics among ER-positive patients.

Methods: We investigated associations between MBD decline (≥10% vs <10%) and breast cancer-specific mortality (BCSM) among ER-positive breast cancer patients aged 36-87 years at diagnosis treated with tamoxifen at Kaiser Permanente Northwest (1990-2008).

Polygenic risk scores for prediction of breast cancer risk in women of African ancestry: a cross-ancestry approach.

Polygenic risk scores (PRSs) are useful for predicting breast cancer risk, but the prediction accuracy of existing PRSs in women of African ancestry (AA) remains relatively low. We aim to develop optimal PRSs for the prediction of overall and estrogen receptor (ER) subtype-specific breast cancer risk in AA women. The AA dataset comprised 9235 cases and 10 184 controls from four genome-wide association study (GWAS) consortia and a GWAS study in Ghana.

Cross-ancestry GWAS meta-analysis identifies six breast cancer loci in African and European ancestry women.

Our study describes breast cancer risk loci using a cross-ancestry GWAS approach. We first identify variants that are associated with breast cancer at P < 0.05 from African ancestry GWAS meta-analysis (9241 cases and 10193 controls), then meta-analyze with European ancestry GWAS data (122977 cases and 105974 controls) from the Breast Cancer Association Consortium.

Discovery and fine-mapping of height loci via high-density imputation of GWASs in individuals of African ancestry.

Although many loci have been associated with height in European ancestry populations, very few have been identified in African ancestry individuals. Furthermore, many of the known loci have yet to be generalized to and fine-mapped within a large-scale African ancestry sample. We performed sex-combined and sex-stratified meta-analyses in up to 52,764 individuals with height and genome-wide genotyping data from the African Ancestry Anthropometry Genetics Consortium (AAAGC).

Population-level impact of coronavirus disease 2019 on breast cancer screening and diagnostic procedures.

Background: To understand how health care delays may affect breast cancer detection, the authors quantified changes in breast-related preventive and diagnostic care during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.

Methods: Eligible women (N = 39,444) were aged ≥18 years and received a screening mammogram, diagnostic mammogram, or breast biopsy between January 1, 2019 and September 30, 2020, at 7 academic and community breast imaging facilities in North Carolina. Changes in the number of mammography or breast biopsy examinations after March 3, 2020 (the first COVID-19 diagnosis in North Carolina) were evaluated and compared with the expected numbers based on trends between January 1, 2019 and March 2, 2020.

Menopausal hormone therapy use and long-term all-cause and cause-specific mortality in the Long Island Breast Cancer Study Project.

Previous studies have observed a reduced mortality risk associated with menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) use among breast cancer survivors. We sought to clarify whether such association could be explained by tumor heterogeneity, specific causes of death, confounding from comorbidities or health behaviors, and a comparison group of women without breast cancer. We interviewed 1508 women newly diagnosed with first primary breast cancer in 1996 to 1997 (~3 months after diagnosis), and 1556 age-matched women without breast cancer, about MHT use history.

Urinary Estrogen Metabolites and Long-Term Mortality Following Breast Cancer.

Background: Estrogen metabolite concentrations of 2-hydroxyestrone (2-OHE) and 16-hydroxyestrone (16-OHE) may be associated with breast carcinogenesis. However, no study has investigated their possible impact on mortality after breast cancer.

Methods: This population-based study was initiated in 1996-1997 with spot urine samples obtained shortly after diagnosis (mean = 96 days) from 683 women newly diagnosed with first primary breast cancer and 434 age-matched women without breast cancer.

A meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies of multiple myeloma among men and women of African ancestry.

Persons of African ancestry (AA) have a twofold higher risk for multiple myeloma (MM) compared with persons of European ancestry (EA). Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) support a genetic contribution to MM etiology in individuals of EA. Little is known about genetic risk factors for MM in individuals of AA.

Involution of Breast Lobules, Mammographic Breast Density and Prognosis Among Tamoxifen-Treated Estrogen Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer Patients.

Mammographic breast density (MD) reflects breast fibroglandular content. Its decline following adjuvant tamoxifen treated, estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer has been associated with improved outcomes. Breast cancers arise from structures termed lobules, and lower MD is associated with increased age-related lobule involution.

Quantitative expression of MMPs 2, 9, 14, and collagen IV in LCIS and paired normal breast tissue.

Certain matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have the ability to degrade collagen IV, a main component of the breast lobular basement membrane. In this cross-sectional study, we evaluated expression of MMPs 2, 9, and 14 and collagen IV in LCIS and adjacent normal breast tissue among LCIS patients without invasive breast cancer to determine whether expression differed between benign and preinvasive breast epithelial tissue. A total of 64 LCIS patients, diagnosed 2004-2014, were included; 44 had sufficient paired normal tissue for analysis.

Radiology Resident Journal Club: Enhancements Add Educational Value.

Rationale And Objectives: Resident journal clubs are essential to develop skills to critically appraise existing literature. However, most reports of journal clubs focus on logistics of the activity and less on established roles of those involved. Our objective is to report on an innovative journal club from the perspective of key participants.

Supplemental Breast Imaging Utilization After Breast Density Legislation in North Carolina.

Purpose: Breast density notification laws are increasingly common but little is known of how they affect supplemental screening use. The aim of this study was to investigate supplemental screening before and after density notification in North Carolina, where notification has been required since 2014.

Methods: Breast screening data from Carolina Mammography Registry participants aged 40 to 79 years with no personal histories of breast cancer or breast implants were evaluated.

Recruiting population controls for case-control studies in sub-Saharan Africa: The Ghana Breast Health Study.

Background: In case-control studies, population controls can help ensure generalizability; however, the selection of population controls can be challenging in environments that lack population registries. We developed a population enumeration and sampling strategy to facilitate use of population controls in a breast cancer case-control study conducted in Ghana.

Methods: Household enumeration was conducted in 110 census-defined geographic areas within Ghana's Ashanti, Central, Eastern, and Greater Accra Regions.

Image analysis with deep learning to predict breast cancer grade, ER status, histologic subtype, and intrinsic subtype.

RNA-based, multi-gene molecular assays are available and widely used for patients with ER-positive/HER2-negative breast cancers. However, RNA-based genomic tests can be costly and are not available in many countries. Methods for inferring molecular subtype from histologic images may identify patients most likely to benefit from further genomic testing.

PAM50 and Risk of Recurrence Scores for Interval Breast Cancers.

Breast cancers detected after a negative breast screening examination and prior to the next screening are referred to as interval cancers. These cancers generally have poor clinical characteristics compared with screen-detected cancers, but associations between interval cancer and genomic cancer characteristics are not well understood. Mammographically screened women diagnosed with primary invasive breast cancer from 1993 to 2013 ( = 370) were identified by linking the Carolina Breast Cancer Study and the Carolina Mammography Registry.

A functionally significant SNP in TP53 and breast cancer risk in African-American women.

A coding region polymorphism exists in the gene (Pro47Ser; rs1800371) in individuals of African descent, which reduces p53 tumor suppressor function in a mouse model. It has been unclear whether this functionally significant polymorphism alters cancer risk in humans. This analysis included 6907 women with breast cancer and 7644 controls from the AMBER, ROOT, and AABC consortia.

Epidemiologic Risk Factors for In Situ and Invasive Breast Cancers Among Postmenopausal Women in the National Institutes of Health-AARP Diet and Health Study.

Comparing risk factor associations between invasive breast cancers and possible precursors may further our understanding of factors related to initiation versus progression. Accordingly, among 190,325 postmenopausal participants in the National Institutes of Health-AARP Diet and Health Study (1995-2011), we compared the association between risk factors and incident ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS; n = 1,453) with that of risk factors and invasive ductal carcinomas (n = 7,525); in addition, we compared the association between risk factors and lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS; n = 186) with that of risk factors and invasive lobular carcinomas (n = 1,191). Hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals were estimated from multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models.