Use of Geographic Information System Technology to Evaluate Health Disparities in Smoking Cessation Class Accessibility for Patients in Louisiana Public Hospitals.

Research has shown cigarette smoking is a major risk factors for many type of cancer or cancer prognosis. Tobacco related health disparities were addressed continually in cancer screening, diagnosis, treatment, prevention and control. The present study evaluated the health disparities in attendance of smoking cessation counseling classes for 4,826 patients scheduled to attend between 2005 and 2007.

Association Between the 5As and Stage of Change Among African American Smokers Eligible for Low-Dose Computed Tomography Screening.

We investigated the association between the 5As (Ask, Advise, Assess, Assist, and Arrange) clinical protocol and stage of change among African American smokers who are eligible for low-dose computed tomography screening. In 2019, 60 African American daily smokers aged 55 years or older were recruited in a large hospital in New Orleans, Louisiana. Smokers who received assistance for smoking cessation were more likely to be in the preparation stage than those who did not receive any assistance.

Smoking Relapse and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus-Related Emergency Department Visits Among Senior Patients with Diabetes.

Introduction: Quitting smoking has been proven to benefit smokers with diabetes. However, among older patients with diabetes, the evidence regarding an association between smoking status and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus-related emergency department (ED) visits has not been well investigated.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was performed by using the Louisiana State University Health Care Services Division electronic health records from 2009 to 2011.

Knowledge and attitudes towards low dose computed tomography lung cancer screening and smoking among African Americans-a mixed method study.

Background: The purpose of this study is to investigate knowledge, attitudes, and smoking cessation needs for African Americans who receive low dose computed tomography (LDCT) in an effort to reduce the health burden of lung cancer.

Methods: A mixed method study was conducted among African Americans who received LDCT. Data were gathered using a self-administered questionnaire and structured in-depth interview.

Racial and Income Disparities in Health-Related Quality of Life among Smokers with a Quit Attempt in Louisiana.

Smoking is associated with a lower health-related quality of life (HRQOL). However, there is little information about the association between HRQOL in relation to race, income, and smoking status. The present study aimed to assess the association between HRQOL and smoking status for those of different races and income levels.

Health beliefs associated with poor disease self-management in smokers with asthma and/or COPD: a pilot study.

: Compared to nonsmokers, smokers with chronic disease are less likely to adhere to self-management recommendations for the management of their chronic conditions. Although the literature notes poor adherence trends in smokers, actual influences of adherence in these patients require further study. This study examines the health beliefs that influence self-management behaviors in smokers with chronic lung disease.

Differences in Treating Tobacco Use Across National, State, and Public Hospital System Surveys.

The Louisiana Tobacco Control Initiative (TCI), a multidisciplinary program specializing in helping tobacco users quit, assisted health care providers in Louisiana's public hospitals with integrating evidence-based treatment of tobacco use into clinical practice. Our study compared smoking behavior, provider adherence to the 5 A's tobacco cessation intervention (ask, advise, assess, assist, and arrange), cessation assistance awareness, quit attempts, and treatment preference among respondents to a TCI survey with a sample of respondents from the National Adult Tobacco Survey (NATS) and a sample from the Louisiana Adult Tobacco Survey (LATS). In 2010, more TCI respondents were asked if they smoked, advised to quit, helped to set a quit date, counseled, and arranged to be contacted for follow-up than respondents to NATS or LATS.

Head Start Staff Reactions to a Novel Tobacco Intervention: A Qualitative Analysis.

Objectives: As tobacco use becomes increasingly concentrated in communities of low socio-economic position (SEP), scalable cessation interventions are needed. Head Start programs offer one setting in which a family-focused intervention can be implemented in low SEP communities. We assessed the experiences of Head Start (HS) staff who received training in a pilot motivational interviewing (MI) tobacco intervention, to improve future feasibility.

Use of asthma control indicators in measuring inhaled corticosteroid effectiveness in asthmatic smokers: a systematic review.

Objective: The objective of this review is to explore how current research measures the effectiveness of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) in smokers with asthma.

Data Sources: PubMed, CINAHL and PsycINFO databases were searched for combinations of terms relating to asthma, tobacco use and ICS effectiveness.

Study Selections: The search was limited to articles published between 2004 and 2015, in English language.

Effect of systems change and use of electronic health records on quit rates among tobacco users in a public hospital system.

Objectives: We examined electronic health records (EHRs) to assess the impact of systems change on tobacco use screening, treatment, and quit rates among low-income primary care patients in Louisiana.

Methods: We examined EHR data on 79,777 patients with more than 1.2 million adult primary care encounters from January 1, 2009, through January 31, 2012, for evidence of systems change.

Role of nicotine dependence on the relationship between variants in the nicotinic receptor genes and risk of lung adenocarcinoma.

Several variations in the nicotinic receptor genes have been identified to be associated with both lung cancer risk and smoking in the genome-wide association (GWA) studies. However, the relationships among these three factors (genetic variants, nicotine dependence, and lung cancer) remain unclear. In an attempt to elucidate these relationships, we applied mediation analysis to quantify the impact of nicotine dependence on the association between the nicotinic receptor genetic variants and lung adenocarcinoma risk.

Obtaining the Patient's Voice from within Three Patient-Centered Medical Homes.

The purpose of this qualitative program was to determine if a trend exists across three LSU medical homes according to patient feedback concerning their experiences within the medical home for ongoing disease management and quality healthcare; and to obtain recommendations for the most effective way to involve patients in shaping system policies, procedures, and practices consistent with patient and family-centered care principles. A total of 94 adult patients participated in either cognitive interviews (n = 45) or structured focus groups (n = 49) using the Nominal Group Technique (NGT). Exit surveys collected demographic information and feedback from patients about opportunities for their involvement in shaping medical homes.

Factors associated with adherence to an end-of-study biopsy: lessons from the prostate cancer prevention trial (SWOG-Coordinated Intergroup Study S9217).

Background: The Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial (PCPT) was a 7-year randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of the efficacy of finasteride for the prevention of prostate cancer with a primary outcome of histologically determined prevalence of prostate cancer at the end of 7 years.

Methods: A systematic modeling process using logistic regression identified factors available at year 6 that are associated with end-of-study (EOS) biopsy adherence at year 7, stratified by whether participants were ever prompted for a prostate biopsy by year 6. Final models were evaluated for discrimination.

Partnering with health care systems to assess tobacco treatment practices and beliefs among clinicians: evaluating the process.

Background: Tobacco is a major cause of preventable illness and death. However, clinician use of an evidence-based guideline for treatment of tobacco use is low. This case study describes the process for conducting a pre-intervention assessment of clinician practices and beliefs regarding treatment of tobacco use.

Using a health informatics system to assess effect of a federal cigarette tax increase on readiness to quit among low-income smokers, Louisiana, 2009.

Introduction: Health informatics systems are a proven tool for tobacco control interventions. To address the needs of low-income groups, the Tobacco Control Initiative was established in partnership with the Louisiana State University Health Care Services Division to provide cost-effective tobacco use cessation services through the health informatics system in the state public hospital system.

Methods: In this study we used a Web-based, result-reporting application to monitor and assess the effect of the 2009 federal cigarette tax increase.

The head start tobacco cessation initiative: using systems change to support staff identification and intervention for tobacco use in low-income families.

Tobacco use continues to be the leading cause of preventable illness and death in the United States. Remarkably, more than nine million preschool-aged children are exposed to secondhand smoke, resulting in increased rates of morbidity and mortality. Even more disturbing is that tobacco use is highest among people with the lowest levels of income and education.

Patient tobacco use, quit attempts, and perceptions of healthcare provider practices in a safety-net healthcare system.

Background: Although smoking rates in the United States (US) are high, healthcare systems and clinicians can increase cessation rates through application of the US Public Health Service tobacco treatment guideline (2000, 2008). In primary care settings, however, guideline implementation remains low. This report presents the results from an assessment of patient tobacco use, quit attempts, and perceptions of provider treatment before (2004) and after (2010) guideline implementation.

Evaluating A Patient-Centered Medical Home From the Patient's Perspective.

Background: The medical home is an organizational approach for improving care, improving patient experience, and reducing costs. The purpose of this qualitative project was to obtain input from patients that could be used to improve their experiences in the medical home for ongoing disease management and health improvement and to obtain their recommendations for the most effective methods to involve patients in shaping system policies, procedures, and practices consistent with patient- and family-centered care principles.

Methods: We conducted cognitive interviews to complete patient experience surveys, structured focus groups, and exit surveys.

Smoking and experiences with tobacco cessation among men who have sex with men: New Orleans, 2011.

Smoking continues to be a problem in the United States, particularly among men who have sex with men (MSM). The current study assesses the prevalence of current and lifetime smoking as well as cessation experiences in a sample of MSM. Two-thirds of the sample had ever smoked tobacco and 50 % of MSM were current smokers.

Who tended to continue smoking after cancer diagnosis: the national health and nutrition examination survey 1999-2008.

Background: It has been estimated that there are approximately 12 million cancer survivors in the United States. Continued smoking after a cancer diagnosis is linked to adverse effects among cancer survivors on overall survival, treatment effectiveness, and quality of life. Little is known about who is more likely to quit smoking after his/her cancer diagnosis.

Patient perspectives on tobacco cessation services for persons living with HIV/AIDS.

With the advent of highly active antiretroviral therapy, the survival for HIV-infected individuals has increased, but other health-related behaviors have been largely unaddressed. Tobacco use is of primary concern, given its prevalence and the medical implications of smoking among these patients. Improving responsiveness to the needs, values, and preferences of patients (i.

Awareness and implementation of the 2000 United States public health service tobacco dependence treatment guideline in a public hospital system.

The 2000 United States Public Health Service (USPHS) clinical practice guideline, "Treating Tobacco Use and Dependence," recommends systems interventions to integrate the treatment of tobacco into routine health care. The Tobacco Control Initiative employed a systems approach to integrate evidence-based treatment for tobacco use into patient care practices in Louisiana's safety net health care system. The purpose of this study was to assess changes in awareness and implementation of the USPHS clinical practice guideline.

Impact of supplemental site grants to increase African American accrual for the Selenium and Vitamin E Cancer Prevention Trial.

Background: African American accrual to prevention trials at rates representative of the disease burden experienced by this population requires additional resources and focused efforts.

Purpose: To describe the rationale, context, and criteria for selection of sites that received Minority Recruitment Enhancement Grants (MREGs) to increase African American recruitment to the Selenium and Vitamin E Cancer Prevention Trial (SELECT). To determine if African American accrual was higher among the 15 MREG sites when compared with similar nonawarded sites.

Disease management programs for the underserved.

Disease management has become an important tool for improving population patient outcomes. The Louisiana State University Health Care Services Division (HCSD) has used this tool to provide care to a largely uninsured population for approximately 10 years. Eight programs currently exist within the HCSD focusing on diabetes, asthma, congestive heart failure, HIV, cancer screening, smoking cessation, chronic kidney disease, and diet, exercise, and weight control.