Producing a High-Quality Surgical Video.

Producing high-quality surgical videos requires an understanding of cognitive theory and a working knowledge of film principles. In this editorial, we delve into pre-production, filming, and editing fundamentals that help create a professional product and highlight techniques to optimize knowledge acquisition through video content.

Vocal Cord Paralysis in Pediatric Chiari Malformation: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Objective: Arnold-Chiari Malformation is one possible cause of congenital vocal cord paralysis (VCP). The natural history of VCP in children with Chiari malformation has previously been limited to small case studies. This systematic review seeks to better characterize the prognostic factors that may predict symptom severity and resolution of congenital VCP in children with Arnold-Chiari malformation.

Distinct Localization, Transcriptional Profiles, and Functionality in Early Life Tonsil Regulatory T Cells.

CD4+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) are key orchestrators of the immune system, fostering the establishment of protective immunity while preventing deleterious responses. Infancy and childhood are crucial periods of rapid immunologic development, but how Tregs mediate immune responses at these earliest timepoints of human life is poorly understood. In this study, we compare blood and tissue (tonsil) Tregs across pediatric and adult subjects to investigate age-related differences in Treg biology.

The Airway Pocket: Novel Advancement in Endoscopic Submucosal Placement of Posterior Cartilage Graft.

Endoscopic technology has increased our options for treatment of airway stenosis in a minimally invasive manner. This novel technique advances endoscopic posterior graft placement by creation of an airway pocket, potentially reducing risk of graft migration and improving outcomes. Laryngoscope, 134:3402-3405, 2024.

Assessing National Trends and Perceived Safety of Off-Label Ciprofloxacin-Dexamethasone Use by Pediatric Otolaryngologists.

Objectives: Off-label use of Ciprodex® (ciprofloxacin-dexamethasone: CPD), an antibiotic-steroid combination solution, in the airway has been reported by pediatric otolaryngologists with anecdotal success. We examined national trends regarding off-label CPD use including prevalence, common indications, prescriber patterns, adverse events, and accessibility.

Methods: 15-item cross-sectional survey was distributed to American Society of Pediatric Otolaryngology members from January-April 2022.

Type 3 Laryngeal Clefts Presenting with Upper Airway Obstruction without Aspiration.

Traditionally, otolaryngologists are taught that the defining clinical feature of a laryngeal cleft is aspiration. However, in a small subset of patients-even those with extensive clefts-the sole presenting feature may be airway obstruction. Here, we report two cases of type III laryngeal clefts that presented with upper airway obstruction without aspiration.

Comparing nationally reported adverse events associated with coblation vs. PlasmaBlade for tonsillectomy.

Objective(s): Coblation, or radiofrequency ablation, and pulsed-electron avalanche knife (PEAK) plasmablade are newer approaches for tonsillectomy that reduce exposure to thermal heat. This study aims to describe and compare adverse events related to these devices for tonsillectomy.

Study Design: Retrospective cross-sectional study.

A Quantitative Analysis of Smartphone-Based Endoscopy and Video Tower Endoscopy.

Objectives: Examine the differences between traditional tower-based endoscopy (TBE) and smartphone-based endoscopy (SBE) using objective measures of cost, setup time, and image quality.

Methods: Cost analysis study and randomized single-blinded prospective trial was performed at a tertiary academic health center. Twenty-three healthcare providers, 2 PA-C, 9 residents, 2 fellows, 10 attendings varying in practice from 1 to 27 years were a part of the study.

Pediatric laryngeal cleft repair with coblation: Functional comparison of a novel technique with traditional methods.

Objectives: The traditional endoscopic techniques for surgical management of laryngeal clefts are carbon dioxide (CO) laser or microlaryngeal instruments (cold steel). This study compares the functional efficacy and safety of coblation, or "cold" radiofrequency ablation, to traditional approaches for endoscopic laryngeal cleft repair.

Methods: Patients who underwent endoscopic laryngeal cleft repair with CO laser, cold steel, or coblator at two tertiary academic centers from 2015 to 2021 were retrospectively identified.

Assessing outcomes after partial and total tonsillectomy for sleep-disordered breathing in children using Clinical Assessment Score-15.

Introduction: The Clinical Assessment Score-15 (CAS-15) is an office-based tool for assessing the risk of sleep disordered breathing (SDB), a relatively common condition in the pediatric population. Change in CAS-15 following total tonsillectomy (TT) has been shown to have a large effect size, but it is unclear how it varies following partial intracapsular tonsillectomy (PIT). Thus, the objective of the present study is to evaluate the utility of the CAS-15 score in assessing the effectiveness of PIT and how this compares to change after TT.

Differential Integrin Adhesome Expression Defines Human NK Cell Residency and Developmental Stage.

NK cells are innate immune cells that reside within tissue and circulate in peripheral blood. They interact with a variety of microenvironments, yet how NK cells engage with these varied microenvironments is not well documented. The adhesome represents a molecular network of defined and predicted integrin-mediated signaling interactions.

Educational Value of Endoscopic Versus Microscopic Ear Surgery.

Objective: To compare the educational value of endoscopic ear surgery versus microscopic ear surgery among medical students.

Methods: Medical students anonymously completed a cross-sectional survey immediately after observing endoscopic or microscopic ear surgery. A Likert scale (1 = worst, 5 = best) was used to analyze variables across 3 domains including: (1) area of interest visibility, (2) optical quality, (3) education and understanding.

Use of a Rigid Bronchoscope as the Sole Prebypass Airway During Pediatric Tracheal Tumor Resection: A Case Report.

We describe the anesthetic and operative techniques utilized for a tracheal tumor resection in a pediatric patient with 95% tracheal occlusion. In prior tracheal tumor cases that dictated complete resection, our team had been able to comfortably bypass a tumor with an endotracheal tube. In this case, we could not intubate past the tumor.

Combination Surgical Procedure for Fourth Branchial Anomalies: Operative Technique and Outcomes.

Objective: Branchial apparatus anomalies of the fourth cleft are the rarest subtype of anomaly and occasionally present with suppurative thyroiditis or thyroid abscess due to their relationship with the thyroid gland. Surgical approaches vary and some surgeons favor cauterization of associated pyriform sinus tracts alone versus complete surgical excision. Currently, the literature is scarce and there is limited data on surgical outcomes and procedural steps.

A Second Pandemic? Perspective on Information Overload in the COVID-19 Era.

The outbreak of COVID-19 has affected the globe in previously unimaginable ways, with far-reaching economic and social implications. It has also led to an outpouring of daily, ever-changing information. To assess the amount of data that were emerging, a PubMed search related to COVID-19 was performed.

A Guiding Principles Checklist for Otolaryngologic Surgery in the COVID-19 Era.

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a dramatic impact on surgical workflows. There is an abundance of ever-changing information, and protocols are reflexively modified on a daily basis. As many otolaryngologic procedures are shown to have higher risk of viral transmission-so-called aerosol-generating procedures-it is imperative that multidisciplinary care teams be provided updated, timely, and consistent information.

Telemedicine During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Pediatric Otolaryngology Perspective.

The COVID-19 pandemic has created a situation unparalleled in our lifetime. As the medical community has attempted to navigate a sea of ever-changing information and policies, this uncertainty has instead bred creativity, community, and evolution. Necessity is the mother of invention, and one of the by-products of our rapidly changing environment is the increased reliance on telemedicine.

Early experience with feasibility of balloon sinus dilation in complicated pediatric acute frontal rhinosinusitis.

Background/objective: Complicated acute rhinosinusitis in the pediatric population is an uncommon problem that may affect the orbit or brain and is life-threatening. This condition requires surgical intervention with endoscopic sinus surgery for source control, and prior studies have demonstrated the safety of balloon sinuplasty in chronic frontal sinusitis.

Methods/results: We present our approach with a balloon sinus dilation hybrid procedure to resolve four distinct types of complicated acute frontal sinusitis in pediatric patients, including intracranial manifestations, intraorbital complications, and recurrent disease.

Pediatric flexible laryngoscopy: Trends in diagnostic abilities throughout training.

Objectives: Our objectives were to evaluate the ability of residents to diagnose pathology of the pediatric larynx on laryngoscopy, to trend this ability throughout training, to compare their skills to pediatric otolaryngologists, and to determine whether reviewing digitally captured videos in slow motion, as opposed to a live exam, enhanced diagnostic abilities. In addition, we identified pathologies and anatomical sub-sites that posed diagnostic challenges.

Methods: Qualtrics was used to design and distribute an online test, which included 15 pediatric laryngoscopy videos.

Smartphone capture of flexible laryngoscopy: Optics, subsite visualization, and patient satisfaction.

Objective: To determine whether a smartphone adaptor can record laryngoscopic videos of adequate quality for clinical diagnosis and communication among otolaryngologists and assess the impact of recorded exams on patient satisfaction.

Methods: Twenty adult inpatients undergoing flexible laryngoscopy in a tertiary care medical center were prospectively enrolled. Each subject's larynx was visualized with the standard laryngoscope eyepiece and with an attached mobile phone adaptor with video recording capabilities.