Weight-loss interventions for adolescents with Down syndrome: a systematic review.

Objective: Youth with Down syndrome (DS) experience high rates of overweight and obesity; therefore, weight-loss interventions are warranted. We aimed to systematically review weight-loss interventions for adolescents with DS to better understand the most effective strategies and identify the current gaps in the literature.

Methods: This systematic review followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines (International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews [PROSPERO] #CRD42022303781).

Detector development for spin-echo SANS techniques using ZnS:Ag/LiF and Li glass scintillators.

Neutron spin-echo techniques exploit Larmor precession of the neutron spin to encode either the scattering angle or energy. These are powerful means to extend the measurable momentum transfer (Q) and energy (E) range in neutron scattering measurements. Standard small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) instruments are sensitive in a range of  10-200 nm, whereas these techniques allow the study of structures in materials on length scales of tens of nm up to tens of m.

Perspectives of In-Hospital Intramuscular Naltrexone and Oral Medications for Alcohol Use Disorder: A Study of Addiction Clinicians and Hospitalized Patients.

Background: Alcohol-related hospitalizations are rising; however, medications for alcohol use disorder (M-AUD) are underprescribed despite their effectiveness to reduce heavy drinking. In-hospital administration of intramuscular (IM)-naltrexone may reduce negative health outcomes among people with AUD who are unable to take daily MAUD.

Objective: To assess addiction clinicians' perceptions of offering and administering IM-naltrexone and to assess hospitalized patients' perspectives on their alcohol use and acceptance of MAUD.

Bolstering the HIV Surveillance System Through Innovative Methods, Technologic Advances, and Community-Driven Solutions to Inform Intervention Efforts and End the Epidemic.

An accurate and comprehensive HIV surveillance system is critical to understanding the burden of HIV infection. Reliable estimates into the surveillance system serve as the cornerstone for HIV prevention and treatment programs. PURPOSE OF REVIEW: In this article, we review the current structure and function of the HIV surveillance system in the US, identify gaps in reporting, and propose multiple potential interventions to augment the HIV surveillance system.

Room-Temperature Optically Detected Coherent Control of Molecular Spins.

Optically interfaced molecular spins are a promising platform for quantum sensing and imaging. Key for such applications is optically detecting coherent spin manipulation at room temperature. Here, using the photoexcited triplet state of organic chromophores (pentacene doped in p-terphenyl), we optically detect coherent spin manipulation with photoluminescence contrasts exceeding 15% at room temperature, both in a molecular crystal and thin film.

HPV Vaccination Decision Among Catch-up Population Through a Digital Intervention: Empowering Young Adults to Their Own Health Decision-Making.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection on U.S. college campuses.

The impact of diabetes mellitus on HIV virologic control: results of the MACS/WIHS combined cohort study.

Objective: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with lower antiretroviral (ART) drug exposure among persons with HIV (PWH) compared to PWH without DM. The association between DM and virologic control in PWH, however, remains unknown.

Methods: We included participants in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study/Women's Interagency HIV Study Combined Cohort Study (MWCCS) who had initiated ART between 1999 and 2020 and had a suppressed HIV viral load (≤200 copies/ml) within 1 year of ART initiation.

Tenofovir-Diphosphate and Emtricitabine-Triphosphate Adherence Benchmarks in Dried Blood Spots for Persons With HIV Receiving Tenofovir Alafenamide and Emtricitabine-Based Antiretroviral Therapy (QUANTI-TAF).

Background: QUANTI-TAF aimed to establish tenofovir-diphosphate (TFV-DP)/emtricitabine-triphosphate (FTC-TP) adherence benchmarks in dried blood spots (DBS) for persons with human immunodeficiency virus (PWH) receiving tenofovir alafenamide/emtricitabine (TAF/FTC)-based antiretroviral therapy (ART).

Methods: For 16 weeks, PWH received TAF/FTC-based ART co-encapsulated with an ingestible sensor to directly measure cumulative (enrollment to final visit) and 10-day adherence. At monthly visits, intraerythrocytic concentrations of TFV-DP and FTC-TP in DBS were quantified and summarized at steady-state (week 12 or 16) as median (interquartile range).

The Impact of Completing X-Waiver Training and Clinical Addiction Exposure on Internal Medicine Residents Treating Patients With Opioid Use Disorder.

Background: Treating opioid use disorder (OUD) with buprenorphine or methadone significantly reduces overdose and all-cause mortality. Prior studies demonstrate that clinicians and residents reported a lack of preparedness to diagnose or treat OUD. Little is known about how clinical exposure or buprenorphine X-waiver training impacts OUD care delivery by resident physicians.

Impact of Clinical Demands on the Educational Mission in Hospital Medicine at 17 Academic Medical Centers : A Qualitative Analysis.

Background: Clinical growth is outpacing the growth of traditional educational opportunities at academic medical centers (AMCs).

Objective: To understand the impact of clinical growth on the educational mission for academic hospitalists.

Design: Qualitative study using semistructured interviews that were analyzed using a mixed inductive and deductive method at the semantic level.

Mycobacterium abscessus Meningitis Associated with Stem Cell Treatment During Medical Tourism.

Mycobacterium abscessus infections have been reported as adverse events related to medical tourism. We report M. abscessus meningitis in a patient who traveled from Colorado, USA, to Mexico to receive intrathecal stem cell injections as treatment for multiple sclerosis.

Vaccination-Associated Myocarditis and Myocardial Injury.

SARS-CoV-2 vaccine-associated myocarditis/myocardial injury should be evaluated in the contexts of COVID-19 infection, other types of viral myocarditis, and other vaccine-associated cardiac disorders. COVID-19 vaccine-associated myocardial injury can be caused by an inflammatory immune cell infiltrate, but other etiologies such as microvascular thrombosis are also possible. The clinical diagnosis is typically based on symptoms and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging.

Development of a Physical Therapy-Based Exercise Program for Adults with Down Syndrome.

In adults with Down syndrome, the combination of low physical activity and fitness levels and the high prevalence of musculoskeletal co-morbidities stresses the need for specialized exercise programs. The goal of this research study was to develop a specialized exercise program for individuals with Down syndrome using the physical therapy approach of a systems review as the foundation. We first conducted an overview of the literature on co-morbidities in adults with Down syndrome using the systems review method to categorize these findings.

The effect of a telehealth exercise intervention on balance in adults with Down syndrome.

Background: People with Down syndrome often present with balance deficits, which compromise safety during daily activity. While evidence shows that exercise can improve balance in the Down syndrome population, it is unclear if a telehealth method will elicit similar benefits. We aimed to examine the effects of a virtual exercise program on balance in adults with Down syndrome.

A Pilot Study of Telehealth Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Depression in Parkinson's Disease.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by high-rates of depression with limited evidence-based treatment options to improve mood. To expand therapeutic options, we evaluated the feasibility and effect of a telehealth mindfulness-based cognitive therapy intervention adapted for PD (MBCT-PD) in a sample of participants with DSM-5 depressive disorders. Fifteen participants with PD and clinically-significant depression completed 9 sessions of MBCT-PD.

Lay beliefs about the causes and treatment of depression: Tests of measurement models and associations.

Background: There is reason to expect beliefs about depression's causes and treatment to influence use of psychotherapy, but the literature is marked by theoretical, methodological, and empirical inconsistencies. This study assessed the factorial validity of measures of beliefs about depression's causes and formal treatment versus self-management. It also tested the links of causal attributions to general treatment/self-management beliefs and endorsement of specific interventions.

Criticism in the Parkinson's Caregiving Relationship: A Key Target for Intervention.

Introduction: Caregiver distress is prevalent in Parkinson's disease (PD) and predictive of negative health outcomes for both people with PD and caregivers. To identify future intervention targets, it is important to better elucidate the specific processes, such as criticism, that perpetuate burden.

Objective: Evaluate the frequency and impact of criticism and reactivity to criticism in PD caregiving dyads.

A Review of Leishmaniasis: Current Knowledge and Future Directions.

Purpose Of Review: The goal of this review is to summarize the current knowledge of the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment of cutaneous, mucosal, and visceral leishmaniasis. We will describe the most recent findings and suggest areas of further research in the leishmaniasis field.

Recent Findings: This article reviews newer leishmaniasis tests (including rapid diagnostic tests using rK39 antibodies), vaccine candidates, and updated treatment recommendations.

Multiplex T-cell Stimulation Assay Utilizing a T-cell Activation Reporter-based Detection System.

Immune tolerance and response are both largely driven by the interactions between the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) expressed by antigen presenting cells (APCs), T-cell receptors (TCRs) on T-cells, and their cognate antigens. Disordered interactions cause the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases such as type 1 diabetes. Therefore, the identification of antigenic epitopes of autoreactive T-cells leads to important advances in therapeutics and biomarkers.

Innovating Parkinson's Care: A Randomized Controlled Trial of Telemedicine Depression Treatment.

Background: For several decades, a myriad of factors have contributed to the inadequate diagnosis and management of depression in Parkinson's disease (PD), leaving up to 60% of significantly symptomatic patients untreated. Poor access to evidence-based neuropsychiatric care is one major barrier to achieving optimal Parkinson's outcomes.

Objective: The goal of this study was to compare the efficacy of individual Parkinson's-informed, video-to-home cognitive-behavioral therapy (experimental group), to clinic-based treatment as usual (control group), for depression in PD.

Predictors of erectile dysfunction after transperineal template prostate biopsy.

Purpose: To investigate the incidence and possible contributing factors of erectile dysfunction (ED) after transperineal template prostate biopsy (TTPB).

Materials And Methods: Males undergoing TTPB were prospectively administered a Sexual Health Inventory for Men (SHIM) questionnaire before biopsy and one month after. SHIM questionnaires were repeated at 3- and 9-months for males not receiving interventional treatment.

Health communication campaigns to drive demand for evidence-based practices and reduce stigma in the HEALing communities study.

Background: The HEALing Communities Study (HCS) is testing whether the Communities that Heal (CTH) intervention can decrease opioid overdose deaths through the implementation of evidence-based practices (EBPs) in highly impacted communities. One of the CTH intervention components is a series of communications campaigns to promote the implementation of EBPs, increase demand for naloxone and medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD), and decrease stigma toward people with opioid use disorder and the use of EBPs, especially MOUD. This paper describes the approach to developing and executing these campaigns.