Gray and white matter alterations in hereditary spastic paraplegia type SPG4 and clinical correlations.

Hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSP) are a group of clinically and genetically heterogeneous disorders with the hallmark of progressive spastic gait disturbance. We used advanced neuroimaging to identify brain regions involved in SPG4, the most common HSP genotype. Additionally, we analyzed correlations between imaging and clinical findings.

Direct diffusion-based parcellation of the human thalamus.

To assess stable anatomical features of the human thalamus, an unbiased diffusion tensor parcellation approach was used to segment thalamic substructures with similar spatial orientation. We determined localization, size and individual variations of 21 thalamic clusters in a group of 63 healthy human subjects (32 males/31 females). The laterality differences accounted for ± 6% and gender differences for ± 4% of the thalamic volume.

Software for quantitative analysis of radiotherapy: overview, requirement analysis and design solutions.

Radiotherapy is a fast-developing discipline which plays a major role in cancer care. Quantitative analysis of radiotherapy data can improve the success of the treatment and support the prediction of outcome. In this paper, we first identify functional, conceptional and general requirements on a software system for quantitative analysis of radiotherapy.

Toward a non-invasive screening tool for differentiation of pancreatic lesions based on intra-voxel incoherent motion derived parameters.

Early recognition of and differential diagnosis between pancreatic cancer and chronic pancreatitis is an important step in successful therapy. Parameters of the IVIM (intra-voxel incoherent motion) theory can be used to differentiate between those lesions. The objective of this work is to evaluate the effects of rigid image registration on IVIM derived parameters for differentiation of pancreatic lesions such as pancreatic cancer and solid mass forming pancreatitis.

Thalamus segmentation based on the local diffusion direction: a group study.

Fast and accurate segmentation of deep gray matter regions in the brain is important for clinical applications such as surgical planning for the placement of deep brain stimulation implants. Mapping anatomy from stereotactic atlases to patient data is problematic because of individual differences in subject anatomy that are not accounted for by commonly used atlases. We present a segmentation method for individual subject diffusion tensor MR data that is based on local diffusion information to identify subregions of the thalamus.

Diffusion simulation-based fiber tracking using time-of-arrival maps: a comparison with standard methods.

Object: We propose a new tracking method based on time-of-arrival (TOA) maps derived from simulated diffusion processes.

Materials And Methods: The proposed diffusion simulation-based tracking consists of three steps that are successively evaluated on small overlapping sub-regions in a diffusion tensor field. First, the diffusion process is simulated for several time steps.

In vivo generalized diffusion tensor imaging (GDTI) using higher-order tensors (HOT).

Generalized diffusion tensor imaging (GDTI) using higher-order tensor (HOT) statistics generalizes the technique of diffusion tensor imaging by including the effect of nongaussian diffusion on the signal of MRI. In GDTI-HOT, the effect of nongaussian diffusion is characterized by higher-order tensor statistics (i.e.

Comparison of gradient encoding directions for higher order tensor diffusion data.

Recently, higher order tensors were proposed for a more advanced representation of non-Gaussian diffusion. These advanced diffusion models have new requirements for the gradient encoding schemes used in the diffusion weighted image acquisition. The influence of the gradient encoding schemes on the estimated standard second order diffusion tensor was previously investigated.

Reproducibility and consistency of evaluation techniques for HARDI data.

Object: The reproducibility of three evaluation techniques for high angular resolution diffusion imaging (HARDI) data, the diffusion tensor model, q-ball reconstruction and spherical deconvolution, are compared.

Materials And Methods: Two healthy volunteers were measured in a 3 T MR system six times with the same measurement parameters; one subject was measured with different b-values. The data was evaluated to compare the consistency and reproducibility of reconstructed diffusion directions and anisotropy values for the three investigated diffusion evaluation techniques.