Investigating -related pyloric hypomotility: functional, histological, and molecular alterations.

Multiple theories have been proposed describing the pathogenic mechanisms of ()-associated gastric motility disorders. We assessed ex vivo pyloric activity in -infected rats, and tried to explore the associated ghrelin hormone alteration and pyloric fibrogenesis. In addition, miR-1 was assessed in pyloric tissue samples, being recently accused of having a role in smooth muscle dysfunction.

Effect of gamma-carboxylase inhibition on serum osteocalcin may be partially protective against developing diabetic cardiomyopathy in type 2 diabetic rats.

Aims: To investigate the possible protective effect of elevated undercarboxylated osteocalcin on diabetic cardiomyopathy mechanisms and risk factors.

Methods: In all, 32 male rats were divided into four groups: control, diabetic, diabetic warfarin and normal warfarin-treated groups. Isolated heart functions were assessed; fasting serum insulin, glucose and glycosylated haemoglobin, homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance and lipid profile were investigated.

Cognitive effects of acute restraint stress in male albino rats and the impact of pretreatment with quetiapine versus ghrelin.

Stress is any condition that seriously affects the balance of the organism physiologically and psychologically. Stress activates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) releasing glucocorticoid hormones that produce generalized effects on different body systems including the nervous system. This study aimed to investigate the effect of acute restraint stress (ARS) on cognitive performance by measuring spatial working memory in Y-maze, behavior (anxiety and exploratory behavior) in open field test, expression of synaptophysin and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in the hippocampus by immunohistochemistry, dopaminergic receptors (D2) in the basal ganglia by gene expression and comparing the effect of ghrelin and quetiapine on the previous parameters.