Acquiring rhoticity across languages: An ultrasound study of differentiating tongue movements.

Rhotics in many languages develop late and show clinically significant misarticulations. The English approximant and Spanish trill rhotics exhibit both a primary constriction along the palate and a secondary constriction in the pharynx. We speculate that the secondary constriction might be a cross-linguistic characteristic of rhotics and thus potentially a factor in delayed articulatory development/misarticulations.

Optic disc and visual test findings in patients with migraine.

This study was conducted to determine whether the optic disc appearance and the visual field parameters of patients with migraine vary from those of age-matched controls. Twenty-two patients with migraine and 20 control participants were enrolled in the study. The automated visual field tests by Humphrey Field Analyzer® and optic disc images by Topcon® fundus camera were obtained from each participant.