Primary hepatic neoplasms arising in cirrhotic livers can have a variable spectrum of neuroendocrine differentiation.

Primary hepatic neoplasms with neuroendocrine differentiation are extremely rare. Their clinicopathological features and molecular genetic basis are largely unknown. We identified four cases of primary hepatic neoplasms with neuroendocrine differentiation.

Endometrial Adenocarcinomas With No Specific Molecular Profile: Morphologic Features and Molecular Alterations of "Copy-number Low" Tumors.

The study evaluated morphologic patterns, mutational profiles, and β-catenin immunohistochemistry (IHC) in copy-number low (CNL) endometrial adenocarcinomas (EAs). CNL EAs (n=19) with next-generation or whole genome sequencing results and available tissue for IHC were identified from our institutional database. Clinical data and histologic slides were reviewed.

Evaluation of pelvic washing specimens in patients with endometrial cancer: Cytomorphological features, diagnostic agreement, and pathologist experience.

Background: Pelvic washings for patients with endometrial cancer is recommended but not used for staging. The International System for Reporting Serous Fluid Cytology (TIS) has standardized diagnostic categories, but the criteria remain incomplete. The 3 primary goals of this study were to 1) investigate features that distinguish atypical/indeterminate from malignant specimens, 2) measure the level of agreement between chart and reviewer diagnoses, and 3) determine whether the number of years in practice had an effect on the diagnoses rendered.

Giving and Receiving Effective Feedback: A Review Article and How-To Guide.

Context.—: Feedback is the delivery of information based on direct observation that is meant to improve performance. Learning is at the heart of feedback, and as such, feedback is a required competency in pathology resident education.

Evolving Roles of Histologic Evaluation and Molecular/Genomic Profiling in the Management of Endometrial Cancer.

Endometrial cancers are the most common gynecologic malignancies. The staging of endometrial cancer has evolved from a clinical-based system to a comprehensive surgical-pathologic approach that allows for better risk stratification and treatment planning. Over the past few years, use of NCCN's sentinel lymph node (SLN) mapping algorithm for the surgical staging of endometrial cancer has gained significant acceptance and is now commonly applied in many practices.

An Assessment of Pathology Resident Access to and Use of Technology: A Nationwide Survey.

Context: - Current technologies including digital slide scanners and handheld devices can revolutionize clinical practice and pathology graduate medical education (GME). The extent to which these technologies are used in pathology GME is unknown.

Objectives: - To determine the types of technologies used, usage amount, and how they are integrated into pathology residency/fellowship programs nationwide.

A meaningful MESS (Medical Education Scholarship Support).

Background: Graduate medical education faculty bear the responsibility of demonstrating active research and scholarship; however, faculty who choose education-focused careers may face unique obstacles related to the lack of promotion tracks, funding, career options, and research opportunities. Our objective was to address education research and scholarship barriers by providing a collaborative peer-mentoring environment and improve the production of research and scholarly outputs.

Methods: We describe a Medical Education Scholarship Support (MESS) group created in 2013.

Prognostic significance of differential expression of angiogenic genes in women with high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma.

Objectives: To identify angiogenic biomarkers associated with tumor angiogenesis and clinical outcome in high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSC).

Methods: 51 HGSC samples were analyzed using Affymetrix HG-U133A microarray. Microvessel density (MVD) counts were determined using CD31 and CD105.

What are the pathology education requirements for all nonpathology ACGME-accredited programs in an academic center?

This study aimed to determine institution-wide graduate medical education (GME) requirements in pathology (exclusive of pathology residency and fellowships) at an academic center. All documents related to residency review committee (RRC) program requirements were searched for the key words "pathology," "laboratory," "autopsy," and "morbidity." For each occurrence, it was determined whether a pathology education requirement had been identified.

Malignant struma ovarii: a blinded study of 86 cases assessing which histologic features correlate with aggressive clinical behavior.

Context: Struma ovarii exhibiting malignant histology are uncommon, and an aggressive clinical course in the form of initial extraovarian spread or recurrence is even more exceptional for these tumors.

Objective: To determine whether specific histologic features have predictive value in distinguishing clinically benign from clinically malignant struma ovarii.

Design: Blinded analysis of 19 histologic characteristics of thyroid tumors was performed in 60 clinically benign and 26 clinically malignant struma ovarii cases, with long-term follow-up.

Recent developments in defining microinvasive and early invasive carcinoma of the uterine cervix.

Although only a small proportion of invasive squamous carcinoma of the cervix present with microinvasive disease, consistent recognition of this entity is important because it carries important management implications. The objective of this review was to reassess the methods and criteria for a histopathologic diagnosis of both early invasive squamous and adenocarcinomas in light of recent pathologic and clinicopathologic studies. The diagnosis of microinvasion is primarily histopathologic.

Visible light optical spectroscopy is sensitive to neovascularization in the dysplastic cervix.

Neovascularization in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) is studied because it is the precursor to the third most common female cancer worldwide. Diffuse reflectance from 450-600 nm was collected from 46 patients (76 sites) undergoing colposcopy at Duke University Medical Center. Total hemoglobin, derived using an inverse Monte Carlo model, significantly increased in CIN 2+ (N=12) versus CIN 1 (N=16) and normal tissues (N=48) combined with P<0.

The oncotype DX recurrence score is correlated with a composite index including routinely reported pathobiologic features.

In a series of 177 breast carcinomas, we found that the Oncotype DX Recurrence Score (RS) was correlated with six pathobiologic features: estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 status, and the three components of the Nottingham tumor grade. The RS also correlated with a composite index (the Breast Cancer Prognostic Score or BCPS) comprising the same six parameters. Categorical concordance was 56% and 66% using conventional and TAILORx cutoffs, respectively.

Pathogenesis of endometriosis.

Many theories have been proffered to explain the histogenesis of endometriosis (Robboy et al., 2009). Generally, they divide into those that favour transplantation of endometrial fragments to ectopic sites, metaplasia of the multipotential celomic peritoneum and induction of undifferentiated mesenchyme in ectopic sites to form endometriotic tissues after exposure to substances released from shed endometrium.

Thyroid carcinoma showing thymus-like differentiation (CASTLE): case report with cytomorphology and review of the literature.

Thyroid carcinoma showing thymus-like differentiation (CASTLE) is a rare tumor of the thyroid gland or adjacent soft tissues of the neck. Given the comparatively good prognosis of CASTLE, it is crucial to distinguish this neoplasm from other more aggressive thyroid neoplasms that can have similar or overlapping cytomorphological features. However, there is little information about the cytomorphology of CASTLE available in the literature.

Natural history of biologically malignant struma ovarii: analysis of 27 cases with extraovarian spread.

The natural history of 27 cases of biologically malignant struma ovarii from a series of 88 cases of histologically malignant or histologically proliferative struma ovarii is described. The extraovarian spread was evident at presentation in 17 patients. The malignant nature of the other 10 tumors became apparent only after they recurred.

Anal-rectal cytology: correlation with human papillomavirus status and biopsy diagnoses in a population of HIV-positive patients.

Objectives: We describe the cytological distribution of disease, correlate cytological diagnoses with human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA status and surgical biopsy diagnoses, determine if CD4 counts correlate with lesion severity, and compare anal-rectal data of HIV-infected patients (primarily men) with cervical data.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective search of the computerized database identified 118 HIV-positive patients who had anal-rectal cytology. Cytology results were compared with available follow-up data including repeat anal-rectal cytology tests, surgical biopsy, CD4 counts, and HPV DNA polymerase chain reaction-based genotyping.

High poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase expression and poor survival in advanced-stage serous ovarian cancer.

Objective: To estimate the range of poly(adenosine diphosphate [ADP]-ribose) polymerase expression in serous ovarian cancers and to determine whether expression is associated with response to therapy and outcome.

Methods: Immunostaining for poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase was performed in 186 paraffin-embedded, serous ovarian cancers. Nuclear poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase expression was quantified using a scoring system that assesses both staining intensity and percentage of cells staining.