Evaluation of Thoracoscopic Lobectomy in Infants for Congenital Lung Lesions: Earlier Is Better!

Objectives: This study evaluates the safety and efficacy of thoracoscopic lobectomy for congenital lung lesions in infants less then 4 months of age.

Materials And Methods: From January 1997 to October 2022, 194 patients under 4 months of age and weight less then 5.6 Kg underwent video-assisted thoracoscopic lobe resection for CPAM, Sequestration, and CLE.

A Multilevel Intervention to Increase HPV Vaccination among Asian American Adolescents.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection in the US. HPV vaccine is a viable source of prevention against high-risk strains that are likely to cause cancer. However, particularly among racial and ethnic minorities such as Chinese Americans, HPV vaccination rates are suboptimal.

Factors Related to Chinese Parents' HPV Vaccination Intention for Children.

Successful human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccine delivery depends heavily on parents' attitudes, perceptions, and willingness to have their children vaccinated. In this study, we assessed parental knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs about the HPV vaccine, and examine factors associated with willingness to have eligible children receive HPV vaccination. From a community health center serving Chinese members in the Greater Philadelphia area, 110 Chinese-American parents with at least one child aged 11 to 18 who had not received HPV vaccine were recruited.

Factors influencing the oral health-related quality of life among children with severe early childhood caries in Hong Kong.

Objective: To assess the oral health-related quality of life among Hong Kong preschool children with severe early childhood caries.

Methods: A total of 315 Hong Kong preschool children diagnosed with severe early childhood caries (S-ECC) were recruited. Their caries and plaque status were evaluated.

Culture of safety and error traps in pediatric thoracoscopy.

Growing adoption of thoracoscopy by pediatric surgeons has resulted in increasingly complex operations being performed. Although common complications of these procedures have decreased with experience, surgeons are still at risk to fall into error traps where routine practice in uncommon situations results in unanticipated complications. A background culture of safety that rewards multidisciplinary communication, teamwork, openness and standardization of care can assist surgeons to recognize, address and report error traps when they arise.

Speak-up culture in an intensive care unit in Hong Kong: a cross-sectional survey exploring the communication openness perceptions of Chinese doctors and nurses.

Objectives: Despite growing recognition of the importance of speaking up to protect patient safety in critical care, little research has been performed in this area in an intensive care unit (ICU) context. This study explored the communication openness perceptions of Chinese doctors and nurses and identified their perceptions of issues in ICU communication, their reasons for speaking up and the possible factors and strategies involved in promoting the practice of speaking up.

Design: A mixed-methods design with quantitative and sequential qualitative components was used.

Effects of exogenous glucagon-like peptide-2 and distal bowel resection on intestinal and systemic adaptive responses in rats.

Objective: To determine the effects of exogenous glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2), with or without massive distal bowel resection, on adaptation of jejunal mucosa, enteric neurons, gut hormones and tissue reserves in rats.

Background: GLP-2 is a gut hormone known to be trophic for small bowel mucosa, and to mimic intestinal adaptation in short bowel syndrome (SBS). However, the effects of exogenous GLP-2 and SBS on enteric neurons are unclear.

A multifunctional organosilica cross-linker for the bio-conjugation of gold nanorods.

We report on the use of organosilica shells to couple gold nanorods to functional peptides and modulate their physiochemical and biological profiles. In particular, we focus on the case of cell penetrating peptides, which are used to load tumor-tropic macrophages and implement an innovative drug delivery system for photothermal and photoacoustic applications. The presence of organosilica exerts subtle effects on multiple parameters of the particles, including their size, shape, electrokinetic potential, photostability, kinetics of endocytic uptake and cytotoxicity, which are investigated by the interplay of colorimetric methods and digital holographic microscopy.

Outcomes of Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy for Biliary Dyskinesia in Children.

Purpose: To determine the outcomes of laparoscopic cholecystectomy as a treatment for biliary dyskinesia in children.

Methods: With ethics approval, a retrospective chart review was performed on children (<21 years) at a single center diagnosed with biliary dyskinesia (defined as gallbladder ejection fraction [EF] <35% and/or pain with cholecystokinin [CCK] on cholescintigraphy, in the absence of gallstones or cholecystitis on ultrasound) and treated with laparoscopic cholecystectomy between March 2010 and February 2016. Demographic, medical history, diagnostic imaging, pathology, and outcome data were collected and analyzed based on degree of symptom resolution.

Two-Incision Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy in Children.

Purpose: To evaluate two-incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy (2I-LC) in children, and compare outcomes with four-port laparoscopic cholecystectomy (4P-LC).

Methods: A retrospective review was performed on children (≤21 years) with gallbladder disease treated with 2I-LC or 4P-LC between February 2010 and February 2016. 2I-LC is performed using two 5-mm ports and a 2-mm endoscopic grasper within a 12-mm umbilical incision, and a 3-mm subxiphoid port for dissection.

Diagnostic accuracy of fine needle aspiration biopsy for detection of malignancy in pediatric thyroid nodules: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) is an accurate test commonly used to determine whether thyroid nodules are malignant in adults. However, less is known about its diagnostic accuracy for this purpose in children, where conduct of FNAB is less frequent, more technically challenging, and pre-test probabilities of malignancy are often higher. The purpose of this systematic review is to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of FNAB for the detection of malignancy in pediatric thyroid nodules.

A new class of single-component absorbents for reversible carbon dioxide capture under mild conditions.

Some inexpensive and commercially available secondary amines reversibly react with CO2 at room temperature and ambient pressure to yield carbonated species in the liquid phase in the absence of any additional solvent. These solvent-free absorbents have a high CO2 capture capacity (0.63-0.

Intestinal muscularis propria increases in thickness with corrected gestational age and is focally attenuated in patients with isolated intestinal perforations.

Purpose: Intestinal perforations are common in premature infants, leading to a diagnostic dilemma between necrotizing enterocolitis and isolated intestinal perforation (IIP). IIP is thought to result from a congenital or acquired absence of the muscularis propria. However, developmental events leading to IIP are not well understood.

Does operative experience during residency correlate with reported competency of recent general surgery graduates?

Background: Identification of attributes of residency training that predict competency would improve surgical education. We hypothesized that case experience during residency would correlate with self-reported competency of recent graduates.

Methods: Aggregate case log data of residents enrolled in 2 general surgery programs were collected over a 12-month period and stratified into Surgical Council on Resident Education (SCORE) categories.

The use of hormonal therapy in pediatric heart disease.

The endocrine system plays an intricate role in the regulation and modulation of cardiovascular function. Several hormones including thyroid, mineralocorticoid, glucocorticoid, arginine-vasopressin (AVP), and growth hormone (GH) have been investigated as adjunctive therapies in pediatric cardiac disease. Thyroid hormone supplementation appears to be safe in neonatal and pediatric post-operative cardiac patients, but the benefits have been modest and inconsistent.

Mutational analysis of patients with the diagnosis of choroideremia.

All reported mutations in the choroideremia (CHM) gene result in the truncation or complete absence of Rab escort protein 1 (REP1). Molecular analysis was carried out on 57 families diagnosed with CHM. Confirmation of the clinical diagnosis is important as end-stage CHM may be clinically similar to the end stages of other retinal degenerative diseases such as RP.