Novel role of brain stem pedunculopontine tegmental adenylyl cyclase in the regulation of spontaneous REM sleep in the freely moving rat.

Physiological activation of kainate receptors and GABA(B) receptors within the pedunculopontine tegmentum (PPT) is involved in regulation of rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep. Because these two types of receptors may also directly and/or indirectly activate the intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signaling pathway, we hypothesized that this signaling pathway may be involved in the PPT to regulate spontaneous REM sleep. To test this hypothesis, four different doses (0.

Pontine-wave generator activation-dependent memory processing of avoidance learning involves the dorsal hippocampus in the rat.

The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that the dorsal hippocampus plays a critical role in pontine-wave (P-wave) generator activation-dependent memory processing of two-way active avoidance (TWAA) learning. To achieve this objective, rats were given small bilateral lesions in the CA1, dentate gyrus (DG), or CA3 region of the dorsal hippocampus by microinjecting ibotenic acid. After recovery, lesioned and sham-lesioned rats were trained on a TWAA learning paradigm, allowed a 6-hr period of undisturbed sleep, and then were tested on the same TWAA paradigm.