Impact of Transoral Robotic Surgery Versus Radiation on Swallowing Function in Oropharyngeal Cancer Patients: A Sub-Study From a Randomized Trial.

Background: This ORATOR sub-study evaluated swallowing physiology in patients treated with transoral robotic surgery (TORS) versus radiotherapy (RT) for early-stage oropharynx cancer.

Methods: Swallowing physiology was evaluated using videofluoroscopy and outcomes were compared across treatment arms and correlated with MDADI scores.

Results: Of the 68 patients in the ORATOR trial, 21 participated in this sub-study (30.

Human gingival derived neuronal cells in the optimized caffeic acid hydrogel for hemitransection spinal cord injury model.

Spinal cord injury induces scar formation causes axonal damage that leads to the degeneration of axonal function. Still, there is no robust conceptual design to regenerate the damaged axon after spinal injury. Therefore, the present study demonstrates that human gingival derived neuronal stem cells (GNSCs) transplants in the injectable caffeic acid bioconjugated hydrogel (CBGH) helps to bridge the cavity and promote the engraftment and repopulation of transplants in the injured spinal tissue.

Data set on the characterization of the phytoestrogenic extract and isolated compounds of the roots of Hook F (Asteraceae).

The data presented in this article are related to the research article entitled ' Phyto estrogenic effect of Hook. f - A cardio protective root drug in traditional medicine, (Mangathayaru K, Divya R, Srivani T et al., 2018) [1].

The effect of fluorosis on human teeth under light microscopy: A cross-sectional study.

Background: Fluoride is needed for the normal development of bone and teeth; in high levels, it affects developing teeth and bone. Dental fluorosis (DF) is caused by ingestion of excess fluoride mainly through drinking water.

Aim: The present study aims to observe and understand the histological changes of fluorosed teeth under light microscope (LM).

Comparative Evaluation of Dental and Skeletal Fluorosis in an Endemic Fluorosed District, Salem, Tamil Nadu.

Background: High levels of fluoride in the drinking water, especially ground water, results in skeletal fluorosis which involves the bone and major joints. This study was conducted to assess the prevalence of skeletal fluorosis to compare with dental fluorosis in an endemically fluorosed population in the District of Salem, Tamil Nadu.

Materials And Methods: Institutional ethical clearance was obtained.

Phytoestrogenic effect of Inula racemosa Hook f - A cardioprotective root drug in traditional medicine.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Roots of Inula racemosa are used as a cardio protective in Ayurveda in India, being prescribed as a medicine for precordial chest pain, cough and dyspnoea, both singly and as a poly herbal.

Aim: Evaluation of Phytoestrogenic activity of the root extracts of Inula racemosa and compounds isolated therefrom in vivo, in silico and in vitro.

Materials And Methods: Alcohol (IrA) and hexane (IrH) extracts characterized by HPTLC/GC-MS analysis respectively and processed for compound isolation were evaluated for estrogenic activity (100 & 250mg/kg bw) by the Immature rat uterotrophic assay using ethinylestradiol (EE -30µg/kg bw) as standard drug.

Antiurolithiatic Effect of : A Polyherbal Siddha Decoction on Ethylene Glycol-induced Renal Calculus in Experimental Rats.

Background: (SK), a polyherbal decoction containing four medicinal plants has been used in Siddha system of medicine, practiced in Southern parts of India for the management of urolithiasis.

Objective: The present study is carried out to scientifically validate the traditional claim and to study the mechanism of action of the drug.

Materials And Methods: In the present study, anti-urolithiatic effect of SK was evaluated in Sprague-Dawley rats using ethylene glycol through drinking water and intraperitoneal injection of sodium oxalate.

Quantification of Various Inflammatory Cells in Advanced Atherosclerotic Plaques.

Introduction: Atherosclerosis, the pathological basis of coronary artery disease is being extensively studied as understanding of the complex processes involved in the formation and progression that can provide an insight into prevention and treatment of the same. This is an autopsy study to identify and quantify various inflammatory cells in advanced atherosclerotic plaques.

Aim: This study aims at identifying and categorizing the various inflammatory cells present in advanced atherosclerotic plaques, noting their distribution in the plaque, quantifying them using histomorphometry and comparing them across plaques of different AHA types.

Plastic bronchitis.

Plastic bronchitis, a rare but serious clinical condition, commonly seen after Fontan surgeries in children, may be a manifestation of suboptimal adaptation to the cavopulmonary circulation with unfavorable hemodynamics. They are ominous with poor prognosis. Sometimes, infection or airway reactivity may provoke cast bronchitis as a two-step insult on a vulnerable vascular bed.

Electrospun Type 1 Collagen Matrices Using a Novel Benign Solvent for Cardiac Tissue Engineering.

Electrospinning is a well-established technique that uses a high electric field to fabricate ultra fine fibrous scaffolds from both natural and synthetic polymers to mimic the cellular microenvironment. Collagen is one of the most preferred biopolymers due to its biocompatibility and widespread occurrence in nature. Electrospinning of Collagen alone has been reported with fluoroalcohols such as Hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) and Trifluoroethanol (TFE), which are toxic to the environment.

Electrospun type 1 collagen matrices preserving native ultrastructure using benign binary solvent for cardiac tissue engineering.

Electrospinning is a well-established technique that uses a high electric field to fabricate ultrafine fibrous scaffolds from both natural and synthetic polymers to mimic the cellular microenvironment. Collagen is one of the most preferred biopolymers, due to its widespread occurrence in nature and its biocompatibility. Electrospinning of collagen alone has been reported, with fluoroalcohols such as hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) and trifluoroethanol (TFE), but the resultant collagen lost its characteristic ultrastructural integrity of D-periodicity 67 nm banding, confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and the fluoroalcohols used were toxic to the environment.

Electrospun polycaprolactone matrices with tensile properties suitable for soft tissue engineering.

The extracellular environment is a complex network of functional and structural components that impart chemical and mechanical stimuli that affect cellular function and fate. Cell differentiation on three dimensional scaffolds is also determined by the modulus of the substrate. Electrospun PCL nanofibers, which mimic the extra cellular matrix, have been developed with a wide variety of solvents and their combinations.

The role of immunohistochemistry in the analysis of the spectrum of small round cell tumours at a tertiary care centre.

Context: The term, "Small Round - Cell Tumours" (SRCT) describes a group of highly aggressive malignant neoplasms which are composed predominantly of small and monotonous undifferentiated cells with high nucleocytoplasmic ratios. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) plays a crucial role in catagorizing the small round - cell tumours.

Aims: This study was done to analyse the spectrum of small round cell tumours over a period of five years at a tertiary care centre and to study the relevance of immunohistochemistry in making precise diagnoses of the small round cell tumours.

Persistent or recurrent Castleman's disease - Look out for a lurking lymphoma!

Castleman's disease, a rare condition of uncertain etiology clinically presents in isolated form or as a multicentric disease. The multicentric form can develop malignancies such as Kaposi's sarcoma or lymphomas. We present a case of Castleman's disease with coexisting interfollicular Hodgkin's lymphoma that was confirmed by immunohistochemistry.

Pathology of synovial lipomatosis and its clinical significance.

Background: Synovial lipomatosis is a rare disorder of the synovium, commonly affecting the knee joint, resulting in joint pain, swelling, and effusion. The etiology of this condition still remains unclear.

Aim: This was a study done to evaluate the disease process in synovial lipomatosis, with respect to the clinical parameters and pathological features.

Alveolar soft-part sarcoma of tongue.

Alveolar soft-part sarcoma is a clinically and morphologically distinct soft-tissue sarcoma of adolescent and young adult patients. Though immunohistochemical stains implicate a myogenic origin, the histogenesis of this tumor has not yet been established. Its high vascular nature leads to dissemination of the tumor cells into the bloodstream and metastasis.

Toxicological evaluation of an antilithiatic polyherbal Siddha formulation-Sirupeellai Samoola Kudineer in experimental rats.

Sirupeellai samoola kudineer (SK), a polyherbal decoction, has been used in Siddha system of medicine for the management of Urolithiasis. Since, there exists no documentation of preclinical toxicological evaluation of SK earlier, in the present study, acute and subacute toxicity of SK was assessed in Sprague Dawley rats as per OECD guideline 423 and 407, respectively. In the acute toxicity study, SK did not produce any toxic signs at a dose level of 50 ml/kg b.

Modulatory effect of Inula racemosa Hook. f. (Asteraceae) on experimental atherosclerosis in guinea-pigs.

Objectives: Inula racemosa Hook. f. is indicated for precordial chest pain in Ayurveda.

Diagnostic efficacy of C4d immunostaining in the detection of the humoral component of renal allograft rejection and therapeutic implications.

Context: In the current scenario of renal transplantation, the role of immunological methods in the detection of C4d has emerged as a useful adjunct in the recognition of acute humoral rejection (AHR). Few reports of this nature are available from the Indian context although there are several from the Western literature.

Aims: To study the humoral component of renal allograft rejection in patients presenting clinically with graft dysfunction by histopathological detection of polymorphs in the peritubular capillaries and the expression of C4d using immunological techniques, as well as the response of patients to appropriate antirejection therapy.

Uterine C-Kit positive low grade stromal sarcoma.

Uterine C-Kit positive stromal tumors are rare, however, there are a few cases reported in literature. A 58-year-old post menopausal lady presented with bleeding per vaginum. An abdominal examination revealed an enlarged uterus.

Liver X receptor beta with mutations in the activation function-2 region is excluded from the nucleolus.

Liver X receptors (LXRs) alpha and beta are ligand-induced transcription factors that regulate transcription of genes encoding key regulators of cholesterol metabolism and transport, and of lipogenesis. Despite their high similarity, LXRalpha is the functionally dominant LXR isotype in the liver. The function of nuclear proteins can be affected by their sequestration in the nucleoli.

Cytomegalovirus infection with lissencephaly.

Lissencephaly is a malformation of the brain in which the brain surface is smooth, rather than convoluted. Among the various causes of lissencephaly, infection by a virus during pregnancy plays an important role. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is an important pathogen causing this anomaly.

Sellar lesion: not always a pituitary adenoma.

Inflammatory lesions of the hypophysis account for 0.5% of all symptomatic diseases of the pituitary, which include lymphocytic hypophysitis, granulomatous hypophysitis with or without specific etiology and pituitary abscess. Sellar tuberculoma is a rare type of granulomatous hypophysitis.

Correlation of CD4 counts with renal disease in HIV positive patients.

To correlate CD 4 counts with albuminuria and glomerular lesions in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), we studied 104 HIV positive patients (68 males, 36 females) of whom 100 patients were infected by heterosexual contact, 3 by transfusion, and 1 by i.v. drug abuse.