[Physical Activity-Related Health Services in Germany: Relevance and Necessary Framework Conditions - a Position Paper of the DNVF Working Group Physical Activity-Related Health Services Research].

Based on the relevance of an established and broad foundation of physical activity in healthcare, this position paper of the DNVF working group Physical Activity-Related Health Services research presents current conceptual approaches to physical activity-related health services in Germany and highlights the need for interprofessional and interdisciplinary approaches. Three central positions are outlined and elaborated in order to integrate the evidence on health benefits of physical activity and exercise more strongly into healthcare and to show that, against the background of the challenges in the German healthcare system, physical activity-related health services can make a cost-effective and high-quality contribution to improve healthcare. These three positions include 1) the integration of all professional groups involved in healthcare into physical activity-related health services, 2) the greater integration of physical activity professions and physical activity interventions into all healthcare contexts and 3) the systematic consideration of physical activity- and exercise-related expertise in clinical guidelines.

Are physical activity referral scheme components associated with increased physical activity, scheme uptake, and adherence rate? A meta-analysis and meta-regression.

Background: Physical activity referral schemes (PARS) are composed of various components, such as a written prescription or a person-centered approach. The role of these components in their effectiveness is yet to be understood. Therefore, we aimed to explore the relationships between PARS components and physical activity, scheme uptake, and adherence rate; and to estimate the effect of PARS.

Coproducing a physical activity referral scheme in Germany: a qualitative analysis of stakeholder experiences.

Objectives: This study evaluated stakeholders' experiences of participating in a coproduction process to develop a physical activity referral scheme (PARS) in the German healthcare system. The focus was on examining facilitators and challenges, along with gathering insights on potential modifications to the joint development process, all from the viewpoint of stakeholders.

Design: This qualitative study employed one-to-one semi-structured interviews, and the findings were analysed using summarising qualitative content analysis.

A systematic review and narrative synthesis of physical activity referral schemes' components.

Background: Physical activity referral schemes (PARS) are complex multicomponent interventions that represent a promising healthcare-based concept for physical activity (PA) promotion. This systematic review and narrative synthesis aimed to identify the constitutive components of PARS and provide an overview of their effectiveness.

Methods: Following a published protocol, we conducted a systematic search of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, HTA, Wiley Online Library, SAGE Journals, Taylor & Francis, Google Scholar, OpenGrey, and CORE from 1990 to January 2023.

[New approaches in exercise therapy for Parkinson's disease].

Background: Exercise therapy is an important component in the treatment of motor symptoms in people with Parkinson's disease (PD). In this context, goal-based task-specific training has shown to be particularly effective compared to nonspecific approaches.

Objective: In this article two novel exercise interventions for targeted improvement of motor function in PD are presented: 1) task-specific training with perturbations and 2) combined task-specific and cardiovascular training.

Effectiveness and implementation success of a co-produced physical activity referral scheme in Germany: study protocol of a pragmatic cluster randomised trial.

Background: While effective physical activity referral schemes (PARSs) and related structures for promoting physical activity (PA) already exist in several countries, in Germany, PARSs have not yet been implemented systematically and nationwide. Through a co-production approach with relevant actors in the German healthcare system, a PARS was developed, and an implementation plan was created (e.g.

Physical activity referral scheme components: a study protocol for systematic review and meta-regression.

Introduction: In its attempt to establish effective physical activity promotion methods, research on physical activity referral schemes (PARS) is attracting significant attention. Sometimes known as physical activity on prescription schemes, PARS involve a well-defined procedure whereby a primary healthcare professional introduces a participant to the topic of physical activity and employs prescription or referral forms to connect the participant to physical activity opportunities, such as local fitness offers. The planned systematic review will focus on these referral routes and scheme components and how they are integrated into various PARS models worldwide.

Interindividual Balance Adaptations in Response to Perturbation Treadmill Training in Persons With Parkinson Disease.

Background And Purpose: Perturbation training is a promising approach to reduce fall incidence in persons with Parkinson disease (PwPD). This study aimed to evaluate interindividual differences in balance adaptations in response to perturbation treadmill training (PTT) and identify potential outcome predictors.

Methods: PwPD (n = 43, Hoehn & Yahr stage 1-3.

Perturbation Treadmill Training Improves Clinical Characteristics of Gait and Balance in Parkinson's Disease.

Background: Impaired gait and postural stability are cardinal motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD). Treadmill training improves gait characteristics in PD.

Objective: This study investigates if postural perturbations during treadmill training improve motor performance and particularly gait and postural stability in PD.

Exploring gait adaptations to perturbed and conventional treadmill training in Parkinson's disease: Time-course, sustainability, and transfer.

Background: Gait impairment is a major motor symptom in Parkinson's disease (PD), and treadmill training is an effective non-pharmacological treatment option.

Research Question: In this study, the time course, sustainability and transferability of gait adaptations to treadmill training with and without additional postural perturbations were investigated.

Methods: 38 PD patients (Hoehn & Yahr 1-3.

Acute Neuromuscular Adaptations in the Postural Control of Patients with Parkinson's Disease after Perturbed Walking.

Patients suffering from Parkinson's disease (PD) present motor impairments reflected in the dynamics of the center of pressure (CoP) adjustments during quiet standing. One method to study the dynamics of CoP adjustments is the entropic half-life (EnHL), which measures the short-term correlations of a time series at different time scales. Changes in the EnHL of CoP time series suggest neuromuscular adaptations in the control of posture.

Perturbation During Treadmill Training Improves Dynamic Balance and Gait in Parkinson's Disease: A Single-Blind Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial.

Background: Gait and balance dysfunction are major symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD). Treadmill training improves gait characteristics in this population but does not reflect the dynamic nature of controlling balance during ambulation in everyday life contexts.

Objective: To evaluate whether postural perturbations during treadmill walking lead to superior effects on gait and balance performance compared with standard treadmill training.

Immediate effects of perturbation treadmill training on gait and postural control in patients with Parkinson's disease.

The study investigates immediate adaptations of gait and balance to a single session of perturbed treadmill walking in patients with Parkinson's disease. 39 Parkinson's patients in stage 1-3.5 of the Hoehn and Yahr Scale were randomized into one of two groups, stratified by disease severity: The experimental group (n=19) walked on a treadmill prototype which constantly applied perturbation by small three-dimensional tilting movements of the walking surface.

Effects of Exercise Therapy on Postural Instability in Parkinson Disease: A Meta-analysis.

Background And Purpose: Exercise therapy is a common intervention for improving postural stability. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to assess the effect of exercise therapy on postural instability in persons with Parkinson disease (PD) based on the available literature, and to evaluate the efficacy across various types of exercise interventions.

Data Sources And Study Selection: In January 2015, electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, PEDro) and study reference lists were searched for randomized controlled trials with moderate or high methodological quality (PEDro score ≥ 5), investigating the effect of exercise on postural instability in persons with PD.