IL-10R inhibition reprograms tumor-associated macrophages and reverses drug resistance in multiple myeloma.

Multiple myeloma (MM) is the cancer of plasma cells within the bone marrow and remains incurable. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) within the tumor microenvironment often display a pro-tumor phenotype and correlate with tumor proliferation, survival, and therapy resistance. IL-10 is a key immunosuppressive cytokine that leads to recruitment and development of TAMs.

Early Clinical Variables Associated With Refractory Convulsive Status Epilepticus in Children.

Background And Objectives: The objective of this study was to determine patient-specific factors known proximate to the presentation to emergency care associated with the development of refractory convulsive status epilepticus (RSE) in children.

Methods: An observational case-control study was conducted comparing pediatric patients (1 month-21 years) with convulsive SE whose seizures stopped after benzodiazepine (BZD) and a single second-line antiseizure medication (ASM) (responsive established status epilepticus [rESE]) with patients requiring more than a BZD and a single second-line ASM to stop their seizures (RSE). These subpopulations were obtained from the pediatric Status Epilepticus Research Group study cohort.

Happily Distant or Bitter Medicine? The Impact of Social Distancing Preferences, Behavior, and Emotional Costs on Subjective Wellbeing During the Epidemic.

Unlabelled: To inhibit the spread of COVID-19 Public health officials stress, and governments often require, restrictions on social interaction ("social distancing"). While the medical benefits are clear, important questions remain about these measures' downsides: How bitter is this medicine? Ten large non-probability internet-based surveys between April and November 2020, weighted statistically to reflect the US population in age, education, and religious background and excluding respondents who even occasionally role-played rather than giving their own true views;  = 6,223. Pre-epidemic data from 2017-2019,  = 4,032.

Evaluation of the Simplified Score to Predict Early Relapse in Multiple Myeloma (S-ERMM) in the MMRF CoMMpass study.

Background: Zaccaria and colleagues recently proposed a new risk score to identify patients at high risk for relapse within 18 months of diagnosis (ER18), the Score for Early Relapse in Multiple Myeloma (S-ERMM). We performed external validation of the S-ERMM using data from the CoMMpass study.

Patients And Methods: Clinical data was obtained from the CoMMpass study.

Organic Host Encapsulation Effects on Nitrosobenzene Monomer-Dimer Distribution and C-NO Bond Rotation in an Aqueous Solution.

The intermolecular (monomer-dimer equilibrium) and intramolecular (C-NO and C-NMe rotations) dynamics of 4-nitrosocumene () and 4-(,-dimethylamino)nitrosobenzene (), respectively, were found to be controlled by the medium (water) and the host environment (organic capsules and cavitands). The ability of water to shift the equilibrium toward the dimer appears to result from dipolar stabilization of the polar dimer structure and has a resemblance to water's known ability to favor organic cycloaddition reactions. In an aqueous medium, a range of organic hosts selectively include only the nitrosocumene monomer .

Expression of cancer stem cell markers in tall cell variant papillary thyroid cancer identifies a molecular profile predictive of recurrence in classic papillary thyroid cancer.

Background: Tall cell variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma is an aggressive subtype of papillary thyroid carcinoma. We examined expression of cancer stem cell markers in tall cell variant compared with other well-differentiated thyroid cancers.

Methods: Expression of cancer stem cell markers was examined in 572 thyroid tumors from The Cancer Genome Atlas Thyroid Cancer database and tall cell variant and papillary thyroid carcinoma tumors by immunohistochemistry.

Influence of endocrine multidisciplinary tumor board on patient management and treatment decision making.

Background: Multidisciplinary Tumor Boards (MDT) are used to obtain input regarding cancer management. This study assessed the impact of our institutional Endocrine MDT.

Methods: MDT notes on patients with thyroid cancer treated during 2012-2018 were abstracted retrospectively from the electronic medical record.

Ending Restraint of Incarcerated Individuals Giving Birth.

Advocates have long suggested making shackling incarcerated people during childbirth illegal. Yet exceptions would likely still allow prison personnel to implement restraint and leave clinicians no course for freeing a patient. This article argues that clinicians' assessments of laboring individuals' clinical needs must be prioritized, ethically and legally.

Status Construction During COVID-19: Antibody Positive People's Rising Prestige.

The protracted COVID-19 crisis provides a new social niche in which new inequalities can emerge. We provide predictions about one such new inequality using the logic of Status Construction Theory (SCT). SCT, rooted in Expectations State Theory and from there developed by Ridgeway and colleagues, proposes general hypotheses about how new inequalities arise through process of interaction at the individual level: an unordered categorical difference becomes attached to a cultural value that gives one category more value than the other; social scripts concerning it emerge; small elements of assertion and deference creep into more and more encounters that an individual participates in, hears about through networks, and learns about via social and conventional media.

Treatment Practices and Outcomes in Continuous Spike and Wave during Slow Wave Sleep: A Multicenter Collaboration.

Objectives: To determine how continuous spike and wave during slow wave sleep (CSWS) is currently managed and to compare the effectiveness of current treatment strategies using a database from 11 pediatric epilepsy centers in the US.

Study Design: This retrospective study gathered information on baseline clinical characteristics, CSWS etiology, and treatment(s) in consecutive patients seen between 2014 and 2016 at 11 epilepsy referral centers. Treatments were categorized as benzodiazepines, steroids, other antiseizure medications (ASMs), or other therapies.

Diagnosing and managing childhood absence epilepsy by telemedicine.

The diagnosis of childhood absence epilepsy (CAE) is typically based on history and description of spells, supported by an office-based positive hyperventilation test and confirmed by routine electroencephalography (EEG). In the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, many pediatric neurologists have switched to telemedicine visits for nonemergent outpatient evaluations. We present a series of children diagnosed as having CAE on the basis of a positive hyperventilation test performed during remote televisits.

A pilot study using geospatial analysis to identify hot-spot of populations utilizing services at university based counseling centers.

Our pilot study tests whether university counseling centers (UCC) can apply the concept of cluster analysis, and geospatial analysis to identify clusters of "hot spots". Study participants were university students who received services from a large mid-western UCC between August 2015 and July 2016. The study was approved by the University's Institutional Review Board (IRB).

The onset of pediatric refractory status epilepticus is not distributed uniformly during the day.

Purpose: To evaluate whether the onset of pediatric refractory status epilepticus (rSE) is related to time of day.

Method: We analyzed the time of day for the onset of rSE in this prospective observational study performed from June 2011 to May 2019 in pediatric patients (1 month to 21 years of age). We evaluated the temporal distribution of pediatric rSE utilizing a cosinor analysis.

Characterization of the Basal Ganglia Using Diffusion Tensor Imaging in Children with Self-Injurious Behavior and Tuberous Sclerosis Complex.

Background And Purpose: Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a rare, genetic disease that is associated with multiple manifestations including epilepsy and autism. Self-injurious behaviors (SIBs) also occur in a subset of patients. This study used diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in children with TSC for quantitative and volumetric analysis of brain regions that have been associated with SIB in other genetic conditions.

Infantile Spasms-Have We Made Progress?

Purpose Of The Review: The care of children with infantile spasms is full of areas of ambiguity, despite practice parameters and randomized trials. This review is to update the current care of children with infantile spasms.

Recent Findings: Several recent studies have generated new data to guide management including a randomized trial supporting combination therapy of hormone treatment and vigabatrin as an initial treatment for infantile spasms.

Child Life Services in an Epilepsy Monitoring Unit.

The goal of this study was to determine the value of a certified child life specialist (CCLS) on the patient and staff experiences in an epilepsy monitoring unit (EMU). We integrated a CCLS into the EMU for all children as well as adults with intellectual disability. We surveyed families to determine the impact of child life services on their stay.

Bottom-of-sulcus focal cortical dysplasia presenting as epilepsia partialis continua multimodality characterization including 7T MRI.

Introduction: Bottom-of-sulcus focal cortical dysplasias are an under recognized, surgically treatable cause of focal epilepsy. Resection can dramatically reduce the seizure burden for children with refractory epilepsy, or eliminate seizures altogether.

Material And Methods: We report the case and present the results of multimodality evaluation of a 15-year-old young man who presented with long-standing partial epilepsy affecting his right leg, which over the years became refractory to therapy.

How effective is the ketogenic diet for electrical status epilepticus of sleep?

Electrical status epilepticus of sleep (ESES), with the activation of profuse amounts of epileptiform discharges in sleep, may lead to intractable epilepsy and neurocognitive decline in children. Numerous varied treatments including antiseizure medications, steroids, and surgery have been investigated as possible treatment options. The ketogenic diet (KD) is an additional treatment option which may add to our treatment armamentarium for ESES.

Women at extreme risk for obesity-related carcinogenesis: Baseline endometrial pathology and impact of bariatric surgery on weight, metabolic profiles and quality of life.

Objectives: The study objectives were to determine baseline endometrial histology in morbidly obese women undergoing bariatric surgery and to assess the surgical intervention's impact on serum metabolic parameters, quality of life (QOL), and weight.

Methods: Women undergoing bariatric surgery were enrolled. Demographic and clinicopathologic data, serum, and endometrium (if no prior hysterectomy) were collected preoperatively and serum collected postoperatively.

An accelerometry-based approach to assess loading intensity of physical activity on bone.

Purpose: The purpose was to develop a new method for assessing the potential bone-loading intensities of different locomotion activities by using accelerometers.

Method: Thirty participants (women, N = 19; men, N = 11) with an average age of 40 years (SD = 18 years), performed 8 activities (3 self-selected speeds of walking, 3 self-selected speeds of running, and ascending and descending stairs) in the workplace or at home while wearing an accelerometer. The loading intensity for each activity was calculated from measured acceleration by a new method that considers both loading magnitude and frequency.