Co-occurrence of marine and freshwater phycotoxins in oysters, and analysis of possible predictors for management.

Oysters () were screened for 12 phycotoxins over two years in nearshore waters to collect baseline phycotoxin data and to determine prevalence of phycotoxin co-occurrence in the commercially and ecologically-relevant species. Trace to low concentrations of azaspiracid-1 and -2 (AZA1, AZA2), domoic acid (DA), okadaic acid (OA), and dinophysistoxin-1 (DTX1) were detected, orders of magnitude below seafood safety action levels. Microcystins (MCs), MC-RR and MC-YR, were also found in oysters (maximum: 7.

Effects of Two Toxin-Producing Harmful Algae, and (Dinophyceae), on Activity and Mortality of Larval Shellfish.

Harmful algal bloom (HAB) species Alexandrium catenella and Dinophysis acuminata are associated with paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) and diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP) in humans, respectively. While PSP and DSP have been studied extensively, less is known about the effects of these HAB species or their associated toxins on shellfish. This study investigated A.

Spatiotemporal distribution of phycotoxins and their co-occurrence within nearshore waters.

Harmful algal blooms (HABs), varying in intensity and causative species, have historically occurred throughout the Chesapeake Bay, U.S.; however, phycotoxin data are sparse.

Oyster hatchery breakthrough of two HABs and potential effects on larval eastern oysters (Crassostrea virginica).

Harmful algal bloom (HAB) dinoflagellate species Karlodinium veneficum and Prorocentrum cordatum (prev. P. minimum) are commonly found in Chesapeake Bay during the late spring and early summer months, coinciding with the spawning season of the eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica).