The carbon footprint of health care delivery in Western Australia's public health system.

Background: Health systems have a dual imperative to take action on climate change. First, they must develop climate resilient health services in response to the direct and indirect impacts of climate change on health. Second, they must reduce their own carbon footprint since health systems are a significant contributor to global greenhouse gas emissions.

A Multisite Preregistered Paradigmatic Test of the Ego-Depletion Effect.

We conducted a preregistered multilaboratory project ( = 36; = 3,531) to assess the size and robustness of ego-depletion effects using a novel replication method, termed the . Each laboratory implemented one of two procedures that was intended to manipulate self-control and tested performance on a subsequent measure of self-control. Confirmatory tests found a nonsignificant result ( = 0.

Wait and transfer, curate and prosume: Women's social experiences of birth spaces architecture.

Background: The birth environment can help or hinder physiological birth and influence a woman's level of satisfaction with birth.

Aim: This paper gives new theoretical insights into how spatial architecture influences birthing women and their birth processes. It builds the architectural awareness of midwives/ designers need by linking design regulations/recommendations and experiential aspects of birth spaces architecture.

Trends in body mass index and obesity prevalence in Western Australian adults, 2002 to 2015.

Issue Addressed: Continued increases in overweight and obesity across most parts of the world in recent decades have seen maintaining or reaching a healthy weight become a major public health priority. This study reports on body mass index (BMI) and obesity prevalence trends in Western Australian adults between 2002 and 2015.

Methods: Self-reported height and weight were collected from Western Australian adults (16+ years) via 81 867 computer-assisted telephone interviews conducted between 2002 and 2015 as part of the WA Health and Wellbeing Surveillance System.

Oral contraceptives augment the exercise pressor reflex during isometric handgrip exercise.

We sought to determine whether oral contraception alters the gender-related differences observed in the exercise pressor reflex during isometric handgrip exercise. Fifteen men, fifteen normally menstruating women (WomenNM), and fifteen women taking monophasic oral contraceptives (WomenOC) completed two trials of a 3-min isometric handgrip exercise protocol performed at 30% of their maximal voluntary contraction: (1) where arterial occlusion was applied to the previously exercising arm during a 3-min recovery period (Occlusion trial); (2) where no arterial occlusion was applied during recovery (Control trial). Handgrip exercise elicited greater increases in mean arterial pressure (MAP) in MEN compared to both female groups (P < 0.

Physical Activity and Survival among Long-term Cancer Survivor and Non-Cancer Cohorts.

Evidence suggests physical activity improves prognosis following cancer diagnosis; however, evidence regarding prognosis in long-term survivors of cancer is scarce. We assessed physical activity in 1,589 cancer survivors at an average 8.8 years following their initial diagnosis and calculated their future mortality risk following physical activity assessment.

The lymphatic phenotype in Noonan and Cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome.

The RASopathies, which include Noonan syndrome (NS) and Cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome (CFC), are autosomal dominant disorders with genetic heterogeneity associated with germline mutations of genes in the Ras/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK; RAS-MAP kinase) pathway. The conditions overlap and are characterised by facial dysmorphism, short stature and congenital heart disease. NS and CFC, in particular, are known to be associated with lymphatic problems, but this has not been well characterised to date.

The influence of estradiol on muscle damage and leg strength after intense eccentric exercise.

Purpose: To examine the influence of estradiol on muscle damage and leg strength after intense eccentric exercise.

Methods: Eight men (MEN), eight normally menstruating women (WomenNM), and eight women using oral contraceptives (WomenOC) participated in this study. Subjects performed 240 maximal-effort bilateral eccentric contractions of the quadriceps muscle groups designed to elicit exercise-induced muscle damage (EiMD).

Antenatal care provider's advice is the key determinant of influenza vaccination uptake in pregnant women.

Background: Although influenza vaccination is an important component of antenatal care and is recommended and funded by the Australian government, vaccination uptake has been low.

Aims: This study compared seasonal influenza vaccination uptake among pregnant Western Australian (WA) women and identified factors associated with vaccination uptake.

Materials And Methods: Adult women who were pregnant during the 2012 and 2013 influenza vaccination seasons were selected at random and invited to complete a computer-assisted telephone interview survey about whether they received influenza vaccination during pregnancy.

The effect of prior eccentric exercise on heavy-intensity cycling: the role of gender and oral contraceptives.

Purpose: To determine if gender and/or the use of oral contraceptives alter cycling performance with exercise-induced muscle damage (EiMD).

Methods: Nine male adults (MEN), nine normally menstruating female adults (WomenNM), and nine female adults using oral contraceptives (WomenOC) participated. Gas exchange and time to exhaustion were measured during continuous cycling performed at three distinct power outputs before (pre) and 48 h after (post) 240 maximal effort eccentric contractions of the quadriceps muscles designed to induce muscle damage (i.

Associations between childhood obesity and the availability of food outlets in the local environment: a retrospective cross-sectional study.

Purpose: Examine whether individual-level childhood obesity is related to residential availability of fast food and healthy food outlets.

Design: Retrospective cross-sectional study.

Setting: Perth, Western Australia.

Adult preferences for influenza vaccines with lower likelihood of side effects.

Background: Concerns about possible side effects are a well-recognized barrier to influenza vaccination and emerging data indicate rates of reactogenicity for inactivated influenza vaccines may vary by manufacturer. We surveyed adults to assess their preference for hypothetical influenza vaccines with equivalent efficacy but differing rates of serious and minor adverse events.

Results: The response rate was 94% (1006/1071); 44% of respondents reported receiving influenza vaccine at least once in the past.

Lifestyle factors, medication use and risk for ischaemic heart disease hospitalisation: a longitudinal population-based study.

Background: Lifestyle factors have been implicated in ischaemic heart disease (IHD) development however a limited number of longitudinal studies report results stratified by cardio-protective medication use.

Purpose: This study investigated the influence of self-reported lifestyle factors on hospitalisation for IHD, stratified by blood pressure and/or lipid-lowering therapy.

Methods: A population-based cohort of 14,890 participants aged 45+ years and IHD-free was identified from the Western Australian Health and wellbeing Surveillance System (2004 to 2010 inclusive), and linked with hospital administrative data.

Predictors of uptake of influenza vaccination--a survey of pregnant women in Western Australia.

Background: Pregnant women are at increased risk of complications following influenza infection. Vaccination is the most effective preventive strategy. This survey aimed to determine the levels of uptake of influenza vaccine in pregnant women in Western Australia (WA), the proportion of women offered vaccination as part of antenatal care, and women's attitudes toward influenza vaccination in pregnancy.

The impact of the built environment on health across the life course: design of a cross-sectional data linkage study.

Introduction: The built environment is increasingly recognised as being associated with health outcomes. Relationships between the built environment and health differ among age groups, especially between children and adults, but also between younger, mid-age and older adults. Yet few address differences across life stage groups within a single population study.

Effect of long-term oral contraceptive use on determinants of endurance performance.

We examined the effect of long-term oral contraceptive (OC) use on endurance performance in recreationally active women. Eight women using OC (OC group) and 8 women who were nonusers (CON group) performed a test to determine the peak oxygen uptake for cycling (V[Combining Dot Above]O2peak) and to estimate the anaerobic threshold (AT). Subjects also completed a continuous submaximal cycling test across 3 work stages (two 6-minute work stages below AT, and 1 above AT performed to exhaustion).

Acute and chronic loading of sodium bicarbonate in highly trained swimmers.

In the present study, 200-m swim time in highly trained male swimmers was measured on two consecutive days (Trial 1 and Trial 2) and under three conditions [(1) acute loading, AcL; (2) chronic loading, ChL; (3) Placebo, PLA]. No sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO(3)) was administered between Trial 1 and Trial 2 under each condition. Blood lactate concentration ([La(-)]), base excess of extracellular fluid (BE(ecf)), plasma bicarbonate concentration ([HCO(3) (-)]) and pH were determined before and after capsule administration as well as at 0, 3, 5, 15 and 30 min after each 200-m swim trial.

Cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis (CTX): an association of pulverulent cataracts and pseudo-dominant developmental delay in a family with a splice site mutation in CYP27A1--a case report.

Purpose: A 15-year-old boy with developmental delay presented to the pediatric ophthalmology clinic with bilateral pulverulent cataracts. The family was examined for developmental delay, cataracts and systemic problems.

Methods: The parents were consanguineous and originally from Bangladesh.

Seromic analysis of antibody responses in non-small cell lung cancer patients and healthy donors using conformational protein arrays.

Analysis of antibody responses to self-antigens has driven the development of the field of tumor immunology, with the identification of many protein targets found in cancer but with limited expression in normal tissues. Protein microarray technologies offer an unprecedented platform to assay the serological response of cancer patients to tumor antigens in a comprehensive fashion, against many proteins simultaneously. We developed an array containing 329 full-length proteins, originally identified as antigenic in various cancer patients by serological expression cloning (SEREX), that were immobilized as folded, functional products accessible for antibody binding.

Water disinfection by-products and pre-labor rupture of membranes.

The causes of term pre labor rupture of membranes (term PROM) remain poorly defined. The authors conducted a record-based prevalence study to explore a possible relation between disinfection by-products in drinking water and term PROM in an Australian community with spatially variable trihalomethane and nitrate levels. A multilevel statistical model was used to examine the relation between factors operating at the levels of the individual, district, and water distribution zone and the prevalence of PROM at term among 16,229 women in Perth, Western Australia (2002-2004).