Oral Urea Supplementation in the Treatment of Acute Hyponatremia among Hospitalized Adults: A Systematic Review.

Hyponatremia is the most common electrolyte disturbance among hospitalized adults. Oral urea is currently recommended in Europe in the treatment of chronic hyponatremia; no published systematic review investigating oral urea for acute hyponatremia among hospitalized adults exists. An oral urea supplement became available in the United States in 2016.

Prevention of Firearm Violence Through Specific Types of Community-based Programming: An Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma Evidence-based Review.

Objective: The purpose of this review was to provide an evidence-based recommendation for community-based programs to mitigate gun violence, from the Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma (EAST).

Summary Background Data: Firearm Injury leads to >40,000 annual deaths and >115,000 injuries annually in the United States. Communities have adopted culturally relevant strategies to mitigate gun related injury and death.

Experiences of HIV-infected adults and healthcare providers with healthcare delivery practices that influence engagement in US primary healthcare settings: a qualitative systematic review.

Introduction: The human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) is a major public health problem that has claimed the lives of more than 34 million people worldwide. The health of people living with HIV (PLWH) is optimized by ongoing engagement in HIV care, yet many people living with HIV either do not enter or fall out of care. Access to care and ongoing engagement in care for antiretroviral (ARV) medication adherence and psychoeducational support are critical to achieving the desired outcomes of reducing the risk of further HIV transmission and HIV related morbidity and mortality, and managing other commonly co-occurring health, social and behavioral conditions, thereby maximizing wellness.

The Effectiveness of Nutrition Specialists on Pediatric Weight Management Outcomes in Multicomponent Pediatric Weight Management Interventions: A Systematic Review and Exploratory Meta-Analysis.

Background: Nutrition specialists are considered key members of multicomponent pediatric weight management intervention teams, but to date, their contribution has not been quantified.

Objective: The purpose of this systematic review was to estimate the effectiveness of interventions provided by treatment teams that include a nutrition specialist on pediatric weight management outcomes, including body mass index (BMI), BMI z score, and waist circumference when compared with treatment teams that do not include a nutrition specialist.

Methods: The results of a comprehensive literature search and a systematic and more targeted update of that search were included in the meta-analyses: a search of controlled trials published between July 2005 and April 2012, conducted during the 2015 Pediatric Weight Management Update Project of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Evidence Analysis Library, and an update search of controlled trials published between May 2012 and December 2015 focusing on a more specific topic within the previous search.

Malic Enzyme 1 (ME1) is pro-oncogenic in Apc mice.

Cytosolic Malic Enzyme (ME1) provides reduced NADP for anabolism and maintenance of redox status. To examine the role of ME1 in tumor genesis of the gastrointestinal tract, we crossed mice having augmented intestinal epithelial expression of ME1 (ME1-Tg mice) with Apc mice to obtain male Apc/ME1-Tg mice. ME1 protein levels were significantly greater within gut epithelium and adenomas of male Apc/ME1-Tg than Apc mice.

Experiences of HIV-infected adults and healthcare providers with healthcare delivery practices influencing engagement in primary healthcare settings: a qualitative systematic review protocol.

The objective of this qualitative systematic review is to examine the experience and impact of health care delivery on health care engagement for adults infected with the human immunodeficiency virus receiving primary care. This review will identify and synthesize the best available evidence on health care structures, processes and practices that promote patient engagement in primary health care.The review question to be addressed is: What are the experiences of people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH) and their health care providers with health care delivery processes and practices that impact engagement in primary health care settings (clinics, physician offices, and other community-based health care settings)? Specifically this review will compile evidence to illuminate health care system structures, provider practices, care delivery and programmatic processes that impact engagement in primary health care, as perceived by PLWH and their providers.

Experiences of stigma among family members of persons living with schizophrenia: a systematic review protocol.

The aim of this qualitative systematic review is to explicate the experiences of stigma among family members of persons living with schizophrenia in any setting where they receive care. More specifically, the review will: (i) describe the experiences of stigma among family members of persons living with schizophrenia, (ii) describe the factors that influence the experiences of stigma, and (iii) describe the strategies and approaches used to cope with the stigma.

The Effects of Race and Racial Concordance on Patient-Physician Communication: A Systematic Review of the Literature.

Objective: Racial disparities exist in health care, even when controlling for relevant sociodemographic variables. Recent data suggest disparities in patient-physician communication may also contribute to racial disparities in health care. This study aimed to systematically review studies examining the effect of black race and racial concordance on patient-physician communication.

The Association Between Patient-Reported and Objective Oral Anticancer Medication Adherence Measures: A Systematic Review .

Problem Identification: Oral anticancer medication (OAM) use has been steadily increasing, leading to several patient benefits. A notable challenge for nurses is accurate monitoring of patient OAM regimens because nonadherence is associated with poor health outcomes and decreased survival. Currently, no gold standard measure of OAM adherence exists.

The association between clinician-based common terminology criteria for adverse events (CTCAE) and patient-reported outcomes (PRO): a systematic review.

Purpose: Symptomatic adverse events (AEs) are monitored by clinicians as part of all US-based clinical trials in cancer via the U.S. National Cancer Institute's Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) for the purposes of ensuring patient safety.

Navigating Language Barriers: A Systematic Review of Patient Navigators' Impact on Cancer Screening for Limited English Proficient Patients.

Objectives: To systematically review the literature on the impact of patient navigators on cancer screening for limited English proficient (LEP) patients.

Data Sources: Electronic databases (PubMed, PsycINFO via OVID, Web of Science, Cochrane, EMBASE, and Scopus) through 8 May 2015.

Eligibility Criteria: Articles in this review had: (1) a study population of LEP patients eligible for breast, cervical or colorectal cancer screenings, (2) a patient navigator intervention to provide services prior to or during cancer screening, (3) a comparison of the patient navigator intervention to either a control group or another intervention, and (4) language-specific outcomes related to the patient navigator intervention.

Quality of life among patients after bilateral prophylactic mastectomy: a systematic review of patient-reported outcomes.

Purpose: Bilateral prophylactic mastectomy (BPM) is effective in reducing the risk of breast cancer in women with a well-defined family history of breast cancer or in women with BRCA 1 or 2 mutations. Evaluating patient-reported outcomes following BPM are thus essential for evaluating success of BPM from patient's perspective. Our systematic review aimed to: (1) identify studies describing health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in patients following BPM with or without reconstruction; (2) assess the effect of BPM with or without reconstruction on HRQOL; and (3) identify predictors of HRQOL post-BPM.

Interpreting at the End of Life: A Systematic Review of the Impact of Interpreters on the Delivery of Palliative Care Services to Cancer Patients With Limited English Proficiency.

Context: Language barriers can influence the health quality and outcomes of limited English proficiency (LEP) patients at end of life, including symptom assessment and utilization of hospice services.

Objectives: To determine how professional medical interpreters influence the delivery of palliative care services to LEP patients.

Methods: We conducted a systematic review of the literature in all available languages of six databases from 1960 to 2014.

Updates on Cancer Survivorship Care Planning.

Cancer organizations have developed guides and tools to help build cancer survivorship programs and survivorship care plans.

Multiple Myeloma: Updates on Diagnosis and Management.

Two- and 3-drug treatment regimens and autologous stem cell transplants provide opportunities for longer term disease remission, though most patients will still develop relapsed multiple myeloma.

Technology and Technique Standards for Camera-Acquired Digital Dermatologic Images: A Systematic Review.

Importance: Photographs are invaluable dermatologic diagnostic, management, research, teaching, and documentation tools. Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) standards exist for many types of digital medical images, but there are no DICOM standards for camera-acquired dermatologic images to date.

Objective: To identify and describe existing or proposed technology and technique standards for camera-acquired dermatologic images in the scientific literature.

Peptidoglycan recognition protein genes and risk of Parkinson's disease.

Increased gut permeability, inflammation, and colonic α-synuclein pathology are present in early Parkinson's disease (PD) and have been proposed to contribute to PD pathogenesis. Peptidoglycan is a structural component of the bacterial cell wall. Peptidoglycan recognition proteins (PGRPs) maintain healthy gut microbial flora by regulating the immune response to both commensal and harmful bacteria.

Limited utility of routine surveillance imaging for classical Hodgkin lymphoma patients in first complete remission.

Background: The objective of this study was to compare the outcomes of patients with classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) who achieved complete remission with frontline therapy and then underwent either clinical surveillance or routine surveillance imaging.

Methods: In total, 241 patients who were newly diagnosed with cHL between January 2000 and December 2010 at 3 participating tertiary care centers and achieved complete remission after first-line therapy were retrospectively analyzed. Of these, there were 174 patients in the routine surveillance imaging group and 67 patients in the clinical surveillance group, based on the intended mode of surveillance.

Systematic review of quality of life and patient reported outcomes in patients with oncologic related lower extremity lymphedema.

Background: Lower limb lymphedema (LLL) is a common complication of cancer treatment. The disease is chronic and progressive with no cure. Although a common and significant source of morbidity, the impact of this condition on health-related quality of life (HRQOL) has only recently been addressed.

Head injury, α-synuclein Rep1, and Parkinson's disease.

Objective: To test the hypothesis that variability in SNCA Rep1, a polymorphic dinucleotide microsatellite in the promoter region of the gene encoding α-synuclein, modifies the association between head injury and Parkinson's disease (PD) risk.

Methods: Participants in the Farming and Movement Evaluation (FAME) and the Study of Environmental Association and Risk of Parkinsonism using Case-Control Historical Interviews (SEARCH), 2 independent case-control studies, were genotyped for Rep1 and interviewed regarding head injuries with loss of consciousness or concussion prior to Parkinson's disease (PD) diagnosis. Logistic regression modeling adjusted for potential confounding variables and tested interaction between Rep1 genotype and head injury.

Skin cancer education for primary care physicians: a systematic review of published evaluated interventions.

Background: Early detection of melanoma may provide an opportunity to positively impact melanoma mortality. Numerous skin cancer educational interventions have been developed for primary care physicians (PCPs) to improve diagnostic accuracy. Standardized training is also a prerequisite for formal testing of melanoma screening in the primary care setting.

Occupation and risk of parkinsonism: a multicenter case-control study.

Background: We examined risk of parkinsonism in occupations (agriculture, education, health care, welding, and mining) and toxicant exposures (solvents and pesticides) putatively associated with parkinsonism.

Objective: To investigate occupations, specific job tasks, or exposures and risk of parkinsonism and clinical subtypes.

Design: Case-control.

Meeting report: consensus statement-Parkinson's disease and the environment: collaborative on health and the environment and Parkinson's Action Network (CHE PAN) conference 26-28 June 2007.

Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder. People with PD, their families, scientists, health care providers, and the general public are increasingly interested in identifying environmental contributors to PD risk.

Methods: In June 2007, a multidisciplinary group of experts gathered in Sunnyvale, California, USA, to assess what is known about the contribution of environmental factors to PD.