Development of a sequential sampling plan for classifying Thrips tabaci (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) populations in onion fields.

Onion thrips, Thrips tabaci Lindeman, is a global pest of onion crops, causing substantial economic damage by diminishing bulb yields and transmitting plant pathogens. Insecticides are used to manage T. tabaci infestations with control decisions traditionally based on action thresholds that require visually counting thrips on a fixed, predetermined number of onion plants per field.

First Report of Anthracnose on Banana Peppers Caused By in New York.

In early August 2023, a disease outbreak on hot banana peppers (Capsicum annuum cv. Golden Dagger) was reported in Cattaraugus County, New York (NY). Disease incidence was at least 60%.

Identifying Onion Fields at Risk of in New York.

(IYSV) poses a significant threat to dry bulb onion, L., production and can lead to substantial yield reductions. IYSV is transmitted by onion thrips, (Lindeman), but not via seed.

Survival of Sclerotia in Central New York.

White mold caused by is a serious disease affecting many field and specialty crops in New York (NY). The primary inoculum for white mold is sclerotia, which are hardened masses of mycelia that survive adverse environmental conditions and periods of nonhosts. However, NY crop guidelines lack rotation and residue management recommendations based on local knowledge of sclerotial survival.

Phylogenetic relatedness can influence cover crop-based weed suppression.

Cover crops are plants grown to provide regulating, supporting, and cultural ecosystem services in managed environments. In agricultural systems, weed suppression services from cover crops can be an important tool to promote sustainability as reliance on herbicides and tillage for weed management has caused pollution, biodiversity loss, and human health issues. However, to effectively use weed suppression services from cover crops, farmers must carefully select species that fit within their rotations and suppress their problematic weeds.

Spatiotemporal Patterns of Iris Yellow Spot Virus and Its Onion Thrips Vector, , in Transplanted and Seeded Onion Fields in New York.

Onion thrips, (Lindeman), transmits iris yellow spot virus (IYSV) and is one of the most important pests of Allium crops. IYSV is a member of the species in the genus of the family . This virus typically reduces overall onion bulb quality and weight but can also prematurely kill onion plants.

First Report of Cucurbit Yellow Vine Disease Caused by on Cucurbits in New York.

Cucurbits are one of the most significant commodities in New York, with a value of $92.3 million in 2021 (NASS-USDA 2021). In August 2021, several acorn squash (Cucurbita pepo) cultivar Turbinate plants at Cornell AgriTech research farm in Geneva, NY, had chlorotic, wilting leaves, and older leaves appeared scorched.

Enabling Population Biology Studies of from Onion with Microsatellites.

Stemphylium leaf blight (SLB), caused by the fungus , is dominant within the foliar disease complex affecting onion production in New York (NY). The disease causes premature defoliation and significant reductions in bulb weight and quality. Foliar diseases of onion are usually managed by an intensive fungicide program, but SLB management is complicated by resistance to multiple single-site modes of action.

Distinct Red Blotch Disease Epidemiological Dynamics in Two Nearby Vineyards.

Grapevine red blotch virus (GRBV) causes red blotch disease and is transmitted by the three-cornered alfalfa hopper, . GRBV isolates belong to a minor phylogenetic clade 1 and a predominant clade 2. Spatiotemporal disease dynamics were monitored in a 1-hectare 'Merlot' vineyard planted in California in 2015.

, a New iOS Application for Assessment of Damage by Diseases and Insect Pests Using Sequential Sampling Plans.

Regular scouting for plant diseases and insect pests by growers, crop consultants, extension educators, and researchers (herein defined as stakeholders) is the cornerstone of integrated pest management practices. Sequential sampling plans have the potential to save time and labor in field scouting and reduce the frequency of errors surrounding decision-making. The incorporation of the algorithms behind sequential sampling plans into mobile devices can make scouting for diseases and insect pests more straightforward, practical, and enjoyable.

First Report of Halo Blight on Hop Caused by Diaporthe humulicola in New York.

In late July and August 2015, foliar disease was observed in three hop (Humulus lupulus; unknown cultivars) yards in Ontario, Otsego, and Putnam counties, New York (NY). Disease incidence ranged between 70 and 90% of plants, and up to 25% of the leaves per plant were affected. Leaf symptoms were large, necrotic patches with a chlorotic halo (2 to 10 cm diam.

Control of Phoma Leaf Spot and Root Decay of Table Beet in New York.

Disease caused by (syn. , ) results in reductions in plant populations, foliar disease (Phoma leaf spot [PLS]), and root disease and decay in table beet. Disease caused by has reemerged as prevalent in organic table beet production in New York.

Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Stemphylium Leaf Blight and Potential Inoculum Sources in New York Onion Fields.

Stemphylium leaf blight (SLB) caused by is the dominant foliar disease affecting large-scale onion production in New York. The disease is managed by fungicides, but control failures are prevalent and are attributed to fungicide resistance. Little is known of the relative role of inoculum sources in initiation and spread of SLB epidemics.

Comparing the Fungicide Sensitivity of Using Mycelial Growth and Ascospore Germination Assays.

The infection of the floral tissues of snap bean and other crops by , the causative agent of white mold, is by ascospores. Irrespective of the fungicide mode of action being evaluated, in vitro fungicide sensitivity tests are conducted almost exclusively using mycelial growth assays. This is likely because of difficulties and time involved in sclerotial conditioning required to produce apothecia and ascospores.

Development of a Sequential Sampling Plan using Spatial Attributes of Cercospora Leaf Spot Epidemics of Table Beet in New York.

Sampling strategies that effectively assess disease intensity in the field are important to underpin management decisions. To develop a sequential sampling plan for the incidence of Cercospora leaf spot (CLS), caused by , 31 table beet fields were assessed in the state of New York. Assessments of CLS incidence were performed in six leaves arbitrarily selected in 51 sampling locations along each of three to six linear transects per field.

Cercospora beticola: The intoxicating lifestyle of the leaf spot pathogen of sugar beet.

Unlabelled: Cercospora leaf spot, caused by the fungal pathogen Cercospora beticola, is the most destructive foliar disease of sugar beet worldwide. This review discusses C. beticola genetics, genomics, and biology and summarizes our current understanding of the molecular interactions that occur between C.

Optimizing Cercospora Leaf Spot Control in Table Beet Using Action Thresholds and Disease Forecasting.

Cercospora leaf spot (CLS), caused by the fungus is the dominant foliar disease affecting table-beet production in New York. CLS epidemics occur annually and, if uncontrolled, will rapidly lead to defoliation. In broad-acre production, season-long maintenance of healthy leaves is important to facilitate harvest by top-pulling.

Detection of and on Table Beet Seed using Quantitative PCR.

and are important pathogens of table beet, sugar beet, and Swiss chard ( subsp. ), causing Cercospora leaf spot (CLS) and Phoma leaf spot, root rot, and damping-off, respectively. Both pathogens may be seedborne; however, limited evidence is available for seed infestation by .

Genome Resource for Two Isolates Causing Stemphylium Leaf Blight of Onion in New York.

Stemphylium leaf blight caused by was recently identified as an emerging disease and dominant in the foliar disease complex affecting onion in New York. Here, we report the genomes of two isolates of , On16-63 and On16-391. The availability of the genomes will accelerate genomic studies of , including population biology, sexual reproduction, and fungicide resistance.

Emergence of Stemphylium Leaf Blight of Onion in New York Associated With Fungicide Resistance.

A complex of foliar diseases affects onion production in New York, including Botrytis leaf blight (), purple blotch (), Stemphylium leaf blight (SLB; ), and downy mildew (). Surveys were conducted in 2015 and 2016 to evaluate the cause of severe premature foliar dieback in New York onion fields. SLB was the most prevalent disease among fields with the greatest incidence, surpassing downy mildew, purple blotch, and Botrytis leaf blight.

Alternative Hosts of in Field Surveys and Inoculation Trials.

, the cause of Cercospora leaf spot (CLS) of sugar beet and table beet, has a broad range of potential alternative hosts. The role of these hosts as inoculum sources in the field is unclear and has had limited investigation since the advent of DNA-based pathogen identification. The presence of on alternative hosts associated with table beet fields of New York was assessed in field surveys during 2016.

Development of a Species-Specific PCR for Detection and Quantification of in Soil Using the Root-Knot Nematode Effector Gene.

The Northern root-knot nematode () is an important soilborne pathogen of numerous agricultural crops in temperate regions. Accurate detection and quantification is vital to supporting informed pest management decisions. However, traditional methods of manual nematode extraction and morphology-based identification are time-consuming and require highly specialized training.

Genetic Diversity and Differentiation in Populations on Table Beet in New York and Washington States.

is an important seedborne pathogen of table beet worldwide that is capable of causing foliar, root, and damping-off diseases. Ten microsatellite and mating type markers were developed to investigate the genetics of populations in table beet root crops in New York and in table beet seed crops in Washington, from where table beet seed is predominantly sourced. The markers were used to characterize 175 isolates comprising five populations (two from New York and three from Washington), and they were highly polymorphic with an allelic range of 4 to 33 and an average of 11.

Evaluation of App-Embedded Disease Scales for Aiding Visual Severity Estimation of Cercospora Leaf Spot of Table Beet.

Two diagrammatic ordinal scales are available in the Estimate app (2017 version) for Cercospora leaf spot (CLS) severity on table beet: 10% linear (linear-based diagrammatic scale [LIN]) and logarithmic based (Horsfall-Barratt [HB]). These allow for estimating severity data of four types depending on the system used. A group of 30 raters assigned percentage severity on 30 photographs of diseased table beet leaves during five rounds first without an aid and then using each of the four rating systems in Estimate.