Clinical and neuroimaging correlates of cognition in HIV.

This study investigated whether HIV-positive participants, stable on combined antiretroviral therapy (cART), showed cognitive impairments relative to HIV-negative controls; and whether clinical and neuroimaging factors correlated with cognitive function in the HIV-positive participants. One hundred and twenty-six white men who have sex with men, of whom 78 were HIV-positive and stable on cART and 48 were HIV negative, were recruited to this cross-sectional study. The median age of HIV-positive participants in this study was 47.

Psychogenic amnesia: syndromes, outcome, and patterns of retrograde amnesia.

There are very few case series of patients with acute psychogenic memory loss (also known as dissociative/functional amnesia), and still fewer studies of outcome, or comparisons with neurological memory-disordered patients. Consequently, the literature on psychogenic amnesia is somewhat fragmented and offers little prognostic value for individual patients. In the present study, we reviewed the case records and neuropsychological findings in 53 psychogenic amnesia cases (ratio of 3:1, males:females), in comparison with 21 consecutively recruited neurological memory-disordered patients and 14 healthy control subjects.

Slow wave and REM sleep deprivation effects on explicit and implicit memory during sleep.

Objective: It has been debated whether different stages in the human sleep cycle preferentially mediate the consolidation of explicit and implicit memories, or whether all of the stages in succession are necessary for optimal consolidation. Here we investigated whether the selective deprivation of slow wave sleep (SWS) or rapid eye movement (REM) sleep over an entire night would have a specific effect on consolidation in explicit and implicit memory tasks.

Method: Participants completed a set of explicit and implicit memory tasks at night, prior to sleep.

Isolation and genetic characterization of Toxoplasma gondii from alpaca (Vicugna pacos) and sheep (Ovis aries).

Alpacas are important to the economy of several countries. Little is known of Toxoplasma gondii infection in alpacas worldwide. In the present study, T.

The role of transcriptional regulation in maintaining the availability of mycobacterial adenylate cyclases.

Mycobacterium species have a complex cAMP regulatory network indicated by the high number of adenylate cyclases annotated in their genomes. However the need for a high level of redundancy in adenylate cyclase genes remains unknown. We have used semiquantitiative RT-PCR to examine the expression of eight Mycobacterium smegmatis cyclases with orthologs in the human pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis, where cAMP has recently been shown to be important for virulence.

Effects of anti-lipid peroxidases on frozen-thawed boar spermatozoa.

This study evaluated the effects of anti-lipid peroxidases when supplemented to the thawing and incubation media of frozen-thawed boar spermatozoa. Semen pellets were thawed and incubated in media with 1.0 mM α-tocopherol or diethylenetriamine.

How black African and white British women perceive depression and help-seeking: a pilot vignette study.

Background: The detection of psychological problems of black African people has been found to be substantially lower, compared with white British and black Caribbean people. This may be due to differences in patients' perceptions of illness. Little research has been carried out on factors that may influence the help-seeking behaviour of black Africans.

Are attractive facial characteristics peculiar to the sex of a face?

Preferences for faces are thought to be the result of either general adaptations for mate selection, and thus influenced by sexual dimorphism, or mechanisms of general information processing and thus nonspecific to faces. If mate choice determines face preference then it should follow that the sex of a face should affect attractiveness judgements. To test this idea we used image morphing to generate three versions of face images: original, opposite sex, and antiface.

Are representations of unfamiliar faces independent of encoding modality?

It is well documented that both featural and configural information are important in visual face recognition. Less is known, however, about the nature of the information underlying haptic face recognition and whether or not this information is the same as in vision. In our experiments we found better within modal than crossmodal face recognition performance suggesting that face representations are largely specific to each modality.

The role of long-term and short-term familiarity in visual and haptic face recognition.

Recent studies have suggested that the familiarity of a face leads to more robust recognition, at least within the visual domain. The aim of our study was to investigate whether face familiarity resulted in a representation of faces that was easily shared across the sensory modalities. In Experiment 1, we tested whether haptic recognition of a highly familiar face (one's own face) was as efficient as visual recognition.