Active Deformation Across the Western Anatolian Extensional Province (Türkiye) From Sentinel-1 InSAR.

Quantifying interseismic deformation of fault networks which are predominantly deforming in a north-south direction is challenging, because GNSS networks are usually not dense enough to resolve deformation at the level of individual faults. The alternative, interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR), provides high spatial resolution but is limited by a low sensitivity to N-S motion. We study the active normal fault network of Western Türkiye, which is undergoing rapid N-S extension, using InSAR.

Constraining the contribution of the Antarctic Ice Sheet to Last Interglacial sea level.

Polar temperatures during the Last Interglacial [LIG; ~129 to 116 thousand years (ka)] were warmer than today, making this time period an important testing ground to better understand how ice sheets respond to warming. However, it remains debated how much and when the Antarctic and Greenland ice sheets changed during this period. Here, we present a combination of new and existing absolutely dated LIG sea-level observations from Britain, France, and Denmark.

30-year record of Himalaya mass-wasting reveals landscape perturbations by extreme events.

In mountainous environments, quantifying the drivers of mass-wasting is fundamental for understanding landscape evolution and improving hazard management. Here, we quantify the magnitudes of mass-wasting caused by the Asia Summer Monsoon, extreme rainfall, and earthquakes in the Nepal Himalaya. Using a newly compiled 30-year mass-wasting inventory, we establish empirical relationships between monsoon-triggered mass-wasting and monsoon precipitation, before quantifying how other mass-wasting drivers perturb this relationship.

A role for human mitochondrial complex II in the production of reactive oxygen species in human skin.

The mitochondrial respiratory chain is a major generator of cellular oxidative stress, thought to be an underlying cause of the carcinogenic and ageing process in many tissues including skin. Previous studies of the relative contributions of the respiratory chain (RC) complexes I, II and III towards production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) have focussed on rat tissues and certainly not on human skin which is surprising as this tissue is regularly exposed to UVA in sunlight, a potent generator of cellular oxidative stress. In a novel approach we have used an array of established specific metabolic inhibitors and DHR123 fluorescence to study the relative roles of the mitochondrial RC complexes in cellular ROS production in 2 types of human skin cells.

Impact of hyperpigmentation on superoxide flux and melanoma cell metabolism at mitochondrial complex II.

Melanogenesis is a highly conserved process of cytophotoprotection from UV radiation present in many species. Although both mitochondrial function and UV radiation insults are well-documented promoters of increased cellular stress, their individual molecular relationships with skin pigmentation have not been clearly resolved. This study provides evidence for a direct relationship between cellular melanin content, superoxide flux, and mitochondrial function at complex II.

Real-time monitoring of superoxide generation and cytotoxicity in neuroblastoma mitochondria induced by 1-trichloromethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-beta-carboline.

The potential neurotoxin 1-trichloromethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-beta-carboline (TaClo) has recently been suggested to be a causative factor in the clinical development of parkinsonian symptoms after long-term exposure to precursor compounds such as the hypnotic chloral hydrate. TaClo is known to cause cell death in dopaminergic neuronal cells, however, the pathway and mechanisms remain undefined. This study reports for the first time that TaClo promotes cytotoxicity in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells within 2 hours of initial exposure.