Overnight In-House Critical Care Resource Intensivist Improves General Surgery Resident Education.

24/7 critical care staffing has become more commonplace, and their impact on resident training must be carefully considered. At our institution, the Critical Care Resource Intensivist (CCRI) model was implemented to provide in-house dedicated faculty responsible solely for the provision of critical care overnight. An anonymous survey was distributed to all general surgery residents to evaluate CCRI's impact on education and autonomy.

Dynamic Molecular Markers of Otosclerosis in the Human Cochlea.

Objective: To investigate the role and distribution of various molecular markers using immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence to further elucidate and understand the pathogenesis of otosclerosis.

Methods: Archival celloidin formalin-fixed 20-micron thick histologic sections from 7 patients diagnosed with otosclerosis were studied and compared to controls. Sections in the mid-modiolar region were immunoreacted with rabbit polyclonal antibodies against nidogen-1, β2-laminin, collagen-IX, BSP, and monoclonal antibodies against TGF β-1 and ubiquitin.

Social norms and goal-setting interventions to promote responsible gambling in low-to-moderate online gamblers: protocol for a four-arm randomised controlled feasibility study.

Introduction: Gambling is increasingly recognised as an important public health issue. Problem gambling is associated with highly negative impacts on physical, psychological and social well-being, not only for those who gamble but also for those around them. There has been a rapid expansion of internet gambling and attributes such as continuous play and instant rewards, and enhanced privacy may lead to a greater likelihood of gambling-related harms.

Evaluating Evidence-Informed Behavioral Health Models to Improve HIV Health Outcomes: Quantitative Findings from the Ryan White HIV/AIDS Program Special Projects of National Significance Black Men Who Have Sex with Men Initiative.

The Black Men who have Sex with Men (MSM) Initiative was implemented at eight sites to engage and retain Black MSM in HIV medical care and supportive services (SS) by addressing their behavioral health (BH) care needs. Using a pre-post design and generalized logistic mixed-effects models adjusting for patient-level random effects, site, baseline age, and baseline mental health status, we evaluated whether participants experienced increased postintervention attainment of (1) Awareness of HIV medical care, BH care, and SS; (2) Screening, referral, linkage, receipt, and engagement in HIV care, BH care, and SS; and (3) Retention, antiretroviral therapy prescription, and suppressed viral load. Among 758 evaluated participants, the proportion of participants who were aware of, screened for, screened positive for, and referred to BH and SS, retention in care (72% to 79%), and viral load suppression (68% to 75%) increased between baseline and postintervention.

Prioritizing Flexibility, Human Connection, and Representation: Findings from the Qualitative Process Evaluation of the Special Projects of National Significance Black Men Who Have Sex with Men Initiative.

Previous research has identified significant unmet need for behavioral health care services for Black men who have sex with men (Black MSM); this challenge has been linked to poorer overall health and well-being. Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) funded a Special Projects of National Significance (SPNS) Initiative, , with a goal to integrate behavioral health and clinical care services using four different evidence-informed models of care, ultimately improving HIV health outcomes. NORC at the University of Chicago conducted a multisite evaluation to assess the success of this Initiative, including a qualitative process evaluation that examined adaptations, services, integration activities, recruitment methods, and fidelity.

Implementation of Evidence-Informed Behavioral Health Models to Improve HIV Health Outcomes for Black Men Who Have Sex With Men (Black MSM Initiative): Protocol for Program Evaluation.

Background: The HIV epidemic in the United States disproportionately affects Black communities. Nearly half of Black men who have sex with men (MSM) will be diagnosed with HIV in their lifetime. There is a significant unmet need for behavioral health care services among Black MSM, and untreated behavioral health needs make it less likely the person is retained in HIV care.

Validation and comparison of fall screening tools for predicting future falls among older adults.

Background: Falls are the leading cause of injuries among older adults in the United States (US). Falls are preventable and clinicians are advised to screen for fall risk yearly. There are many falls screening tools and not all have been validated for their ability to predict future falls.

What's in the box? Exploring UK players' experiences of loot boxes in games; the conceptualisation and parallels with gambling.

Loot boxes are a popular mechanic within many video games, but it remains unclear if some forms of loot boxes can be seen of as gambling. However, the perspectives of players are often neglected, such as whether they see them as 'fair' game elements and how closely they feel this aligns with gambling. In this paper, we synthesise a conceptualisation for loot boxes through players' actual experience and explore if there are any parallels with gambling.

Histopathologic Analysis of Temporal Bones With Otosclerosis Following Cochlear Implantation.

Objective: Analyze changes in osteoneogenesis and fibrosis following cochlear implant (CI) surgery in patients with otosclerosis and compare differences based on insertion technique.

Background: When advanced otosclerotic disease extends to the otic capsule, severe and profound sensorineural hearing loss necessitates consideration of a cochlear implant. Histopathological analysis of the human temporal bone after implantation in the patient with otosclerosis may reveal important variables that predict CI success.

Cisplatin ototoxicity histopathology.

This study investigates the histopathological changes of the cochlea and vestibular end organs of a patient who received cisplatin for Hodgkin's lymphoma. He experienced acute high-frequency sensorineural hearing loss and tinnitus after receiving treatment. Using histopathological analysis of his temporal bones after he unfortunately succumbed to his disease, we found that the ototoxic effect of cisplatin is primarily within the cochlea, with significant damage located at the organ of Corti at the base-hook region, consistent with findings in animal models.

Novel molecular biomarkers and diagnosis of acute appendicitis in children.

Reliable and efficient diagnosis of pediatric appendicitis is essential for the establishment of a clinical management plan and improvement of patient outcomes. Current strategies used to diagnose a child presenting with a suspected appendicitis include laboratory studies, clinical scores and diagnostic imaging. Although these modalities work in conjunction with each other, one optimal diagnostic strategy has yet to be agreed upon.

Enlarged Vestibular Aqueduct: Hearing Progression and Cochlear Implant Candidacy in Pediatric Patients.

Hypothesis/objective: Investigate the rate of hearing loss progression and incidence of cochlear implant candidacy in children with enlarged vestibular aqueduct (EVA).

Background: EVA is the most common congenital malformation of the inner ear, is responsible for a large percentage of children with hearing loss, and is associated with hearing loss progression. Rates and degree of progression of hearing loss to cochlear implantation candidacy have not been well described.

Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak Following Translabyrinthine Vestibular Schwannoma Surgery-Is Mesh Cranioplasty Necessary for Prevention?

Objective: Evaluate the incidence of cerebrospinal fluid leak following vestibular schwannoma surgery for mesh cranioplasty closure versus periosteal closure in the translabyrinthine approach. Determine nonsurgical variables associated with higher rates of cerebrospinal fluid leak following vestibular schwannoma surgery.

Study Design: Retrospective chart review.

Visual task complexity and eye movement patterns influence measures of human neurovascular coupling.

Human neurovascular coupling research conventionally aims to selectively activate the posterior circulation using a visual task. Different research groups use divergent visual tasks ranging in complexity and eye movement patterns with potential confounding effects. To understand the role of task complexity and eye movement patterns in neurovascular coupling, we performed a series of experiments with visual tasks ranging in complexity, eye speed, and eye movement amplitude.

Is It Still Double Edged? Not for University Students' Development of Moral Reasoning and Video Game Play.

Previous research with video game play and moral development with adolescents, found both positive and negative relationships. This study aimed to extend this research to explore moral development and video game play with university students. One hundred and thirty-five undergraduate students ( = 20.

Assessing Cochlear Implant Insertion Angle From an Intraoperative X-ray Using a Rotating 3D Helical Scala Tympani Model.

Background: Angular insertion depth (AID) of the electrode array provides valuable information regarding intracochlear positioning, which can be used to predict outcomes and optimize performance. While computed tomography (CT) offers high-resolution imaging, there is a need to develop technology to accurately determine AID from intraoperative x-rays acquired at unknown angles.

Methods: An algorithm was developed using a three-dimensional model of the scala tympani to estimate AID from an x-ray acquired at an unknown angle.

Streamlining care in cystic fibrosis: survey of otolaryngologist, pulmonologist, and patient experiences.

Background: Care coordination for cystic fibrosis (CF) is essential. The objectives of this study were to: (1) compare otolaryngologists' and pulmonlogists' understanding of long-term chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) management; and (2) query patient perceptions of otolaryngologic care and CRS.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey was administered by the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation in 2018 to patients with CF or their caregivers, otolaryngologists, and pulmonologists.

An Innovative Approach to Airway Foreign Body Management in an Extremely Premature Neonate.

This case report is a retrospective review of a challenging though ultimately successful removal of an airway foreign body in a 2-day-old premature female born at 23 weeks and 4 days gestation. A segment of a 5-F surfactant catheter was cut and accidentally dislodged in the distal airway within the lumen of the patient's endotracheal tube. Ultimately, visualization was obtained using a 1.

It's Double Edged: The Positive and Negative Relationships Between the Development of Moral Reasoning and Video Game Play Among Adolescents.

Due to the concerns over the effects of video game play, this study investigated adolescents' moral development and their video game play. 166 adolescents aged 11-18 years ( = 13.08, = 1.

Masked Sentence Recognition in Children, Young Adults, and Older Adults: Age-Dependent Effects of Semantic Context and Masker Type.

Objectives: Masked speech recognition in normal-hearing listeners depends in part on masker type and semantic context of the target. Children and older adults are more susceptible to masking than young adults, particularly when the masker is speech. Semantic context has been shown to facilitate noise-masked sentence recognition in all age groups, but it is not known whether age affects a listener's ability to use context with a speech masker.

Molecular basis of flowering under natural long-day conditions in Arabidopsis.

Plants sense light and temperature changes to regulate flowering time. Here, we show that expression of the Arabidopsis florigen gene, FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT), peaks in the morning during spring, a different pattern than we observe in the laboratory. Providing our laboratory growth conditions with a red/far-red light ratio similar to open-field conditions and daily temperature oscillation is sufficient to mimic the FT expression and flowering time in natural long days.

Forward Masking of the Speech-Evoked Auditory Brainstem Response.

Hypothesis: The hypothesis tested was that forward masking of the speech-evoked auditory brainstem response (sABR) increases peak latency as an inverse function of masker-signal interval (Δt), and that the overall persistence of forward masking is age dependent.

Background: Older listeners exhibit deficits in forward masking. If forward-masked sABRs provide an objective measure of the susceptibility of speech sounds to prior stimulation, then this provides a novel approach to examining the age dependence of temporal processing.

A Substance Use Cost Calculator for US Employers With an Emphasis on Prescription Pain Medication Misuse.

Objective: Substance use disorders are among the most common and costly health conditions affecting Americans. Despite estimates of national costs exceeding $400 billion annually, individual companies may not see how substance use impacts their bottom lines through lost productivity and absenteeism, turnover, health care expenses, disability, and workers' compensation.

Methods: Data on employed adults (18 years and older) from 3 years (2012 to 2014) of the National Survey on Drug Use and Health Public Use Data Files were analyzed.