Physical Function Impairment and Frailty in Middle-Aged People Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus in the REPRIEVE Trial Ancillary Study PREPARE.

Background: People with human immunodeficiency virus (PWH) are at risk for accelerated development of physical function impairment and frailty; both associated with increased risk of falls, hospitalizations, and death. Identifying factors associated with physical function impairment and frailty can help target interventions.

Methods: The REPRIEVE trial enrolled participants 40-75 years of age, receiving stable antiretroviral therapy with CD4+ T-cell count >100 cells/mm3, and with low to moderate cardiovascular disease risk.

Integrated Pharmacy and PrEP Navigation Services to Support PrEP Uptake: A Quality Improvement Project.

Preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is highly effective in preventing HIV among both men and women, with the reduction in risk directly linked to medication adherence. Navigation services and other adherence interventions have demonstrated efficacy in medication uptake; however, their use may not be fully integrated into clinic operations or their roles clearly defined. This quality improvement (QI) project developed an evidenced-based PrEP Navigation (PN) tool to identify patient-reported barriers to uptake and to support process improvement at a large community health center in Washington, DC.

PPARγ-activation increases intestinal M1 macrophages and mitigates formation of serrated adenomas in mutant mice.

To identify novel hubs for cancer immunotherapy, we generated J mice with concomitant deletion of the drugable transcription factor PPARγ and transgenic overexpression of the mutant oncogene in enterocytes. Animals developed epithelial hyperplasia, transmural inflammation and serrated adenomas in the small intestine with infiltration of CD3+ FOXP3+ T-cells and macrophages into the lamina propria of the non-malignant mucosa. Within serrated polyps, CD3+ CD8+ T-cells and phosphorylated ERK1/2 were reduced and the senescence marker P21 and macrophage counts up-regulated, indicative of an immunosuppressive tissue microenvironment.

Daclatasvir plus Sofosbuvir for HCV in Patients Coinfected with HIV-1.

Background: The combination of daclatasvir, a hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS5A inhibitor, and the NS5B inhibitor sofosbuvir has shown efficacy in patients with HCV monoinfection. Data are lacking on the efficacy and safety of this combination in patients coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1).

Methods: This was an open-label study involving 151 patients who had not received HCV treatment and 52 previously treated patients, all of whom were coinfected with HIV-1.

The incidence of Trichomonas vaginalis infection in women attending nine sexually transmitted diseases clinics in the USA.

Objectives: Trichomoniasis (TV) is associated with an increased risk of acquisition of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and HIV. The purpose of this study is to evaluate factors associated with incidence TV among female STD clinic attendees in the USA.

Methods: Data were collected from women participating in a randomised controlled trial evaluating brief risk reduction counselling at the time of HIV testing to reduce sexually transmitted infections (STIs) incidence in STD clinics.

Effect of risk-reduction counseling with rapid HIV testing on risk of acquiring sexually transmitted infections: the AWARE randomized clinical trial.

Importance: To increase human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing rates, many institutions and jurisdictions have revised policies to make the testing process rapid, simple, and routine. A major issue for testing scale-up efforts is the effectiveness of HIV risk-reduction counseling, which has historically been an integral part of the HIV testing process.

Objective: To assess the effect of brief patient-centered risk-reduction counseling at the time of a rapid HIV test on the subsequent acquisition of sexually transmitted infections (STIs).