Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in the UK: findings from the British Thoracic Society UK Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Registry.

Objectives: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive interstitial lung disease (ILD) and the most common idiopathic interstitial pneumonia. The UK IPF Registry was established in 2013 to collect data pertaining to clinical features, therapeutic approaches and outcomes. From February 2023, the Registry expanded to include any ILD with evidence of fibrosis.

An evaluation of negative reinforcement to increase self-feeding and self-drinking for children with feeding disorders.

Self-feeding with utensils represents an important step in a child's progression toward age-typical eating and emerges in the absence of intervention for most children. In contrast, children with feeding disorders may lack the skill or motivation to self-feed, which impedes progress toward age-typical eating. In the current study, experimenters used a multielement design to evaluate negative reinforcement in the form of meal termination to transition six participants with a feeding disorder from caregiver-fed to self-fed bites and drinks.

Relapse during the treatment of pediatric feeding disorders.

Resurgence and renewal are treatment-relapse phenomena in which previously extinguished behavior returns after the conditions for an alternative response worsen or the context changes, respectively. Recently, researchers have evaluated the prevalence of resurgence and renewal when treating destructive behavior with functional communication training. However, resurgence of inappropriate mealtime behavior has yet to be evaluated; perhaps because treatments involve qualitatively different resurgence opportunities (e.

On the scope and characteristics of relapse when treating severe destructive behavior.

Prior studies on treatment relapse have typically examined the prevalence of resurgence or renewal of target behavior (e.g., destructive behavior) in isolation.

An evaluation of a renewal-mitigation procedure for inappropriate mealtime behavior.

Renewal, the increase in behavior during extinction following context changes, may be particularly concerning during intervention for feeding disorders because context changes are often necessary for intervention generality and maintenance (Podlesnik et al., 2017). In the current study, we tested for renewal and evaluated a renewal-mitigation procedure when we transferred intervention from a therapist to a caregiver, from clinic to the home, and changed the foods the feeder presented.

Outcome of Hospitalization for COVID-19 in Patients with Interstitial Lung Disease. An International Multicenter Study.

The impact of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) on patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD) has not been established. To assess outcomes in patients with ILD hospitalized for COVID-19 versus those without ILD in a contemporaneous age-, sex-, and comorbidity-matched population. An international multicenter audit of patients with a prior diagnosis of ILD admitted to the hospital with COVID-19 between March 1 and May 1, 2020, was undertaken and compared with patients without ILD, obtained from the ISARIC4C (International Severe Acute Respiratory and Emerging Infection Consortium Coronavirus Clinical Characterisation Consortium) cohort, admitted with COVID-19 over the same period.

Pediatric Prevention: Feeding Disorders.

Applied behavior analysis has the most empirical support as intervention for pediatric feeding disorders, when a child does not eat or drink a sufficient quantity or variety of food to maintain proper nutrition. Interdisciplinary collaboration is crucial for diagnosis, referral, and management of pediatric feeding disorders because the etiology is complex and multifactorial. Thus, our aim is to provide information about how to recognize a feeding disorder, to delineate the environmental variables implicated in the etiology and maintenance of feeding disorders, and to provide recommendations for prevention and intervention for feeding disorders based on the applied-behavior analytic literature.

A sanguine experience: Case Report.

A 68-year-old man presents at A&E with breathlessness but no chest pain, haemoptysis or sputum production http://ow.ly/R029n.

Overcoming beta-agonist tolerance: high dose salbutamol and ipratropium bromide. Two randomised controlled trials.

Background: Asthmatics treated with long-acting beta-agonists have a reduced bronchodilator response to moderate doses of inhaled short acting beta-agonists during acute bronchoconstriction. It is not known if the response to higher doses of nebulised beta-agonists or other bronchodilators is impaired. We assessed the effect of long-acting beta-agonist treatment on the response to 5 mg nebulised salbutamol and to ipratropium bromide.

Recovery from bronchoconstriction and bronchodilator tolerance.

Until recently, researchers believed that tolerance or tachyphylaxis to the bronchodilator effects of beta-agonists did not occur. However, recent studies examining the recovery from bronchoconstriction have clearly shown that an impaired response to beta-agonists occurs in patients who have been using regular beta-agonist treatment. This tolerance develops with both long- and short-acting beta-agonists and is not affected by treatment with inhaled steroids.

Tolerance to bronchodilation during treatment with long-acting beta-agonists, a randomised controlled trial.

Background: Regular use of beta-agonists leads to tolerance to their bronchodilator effects. This can be demonstrated by measuring the response to beta-agonist following bronchoconstriction using methacholine. However most studies have demonstrated tolerance after a period of beta-agonist withdrawal, which is not typical of their use in clinical practice.

Rapid onset of tolerance to beta-agonist bronchodilation.

Introduction: Regular use of beta-agonists leads to tolerance to their bronchodilator effects. This is easily demonstrated if dilation is tested following methacholine challenge. It is not known how quickly tolerance develops or how long it lasts after stopping beta-agonist therapy.