A national survey of current practice in pre-alveolar bone graft orthodontics in the United Kingdom.

Objective: To obtain an overview of current practice for pre-alveolar bone graft (pre-ABG) orthodontics at cleft centres across the United Kingdom.

Design: Cross-sectional survey.

Setting: Web-based.

Cleft complications: Severely rotated maxillary permanent central incisors.

The maxillary permanent central incisor (MPCI) has been reported to be rotated in up to 96% of cleft patients. A severely rotated MPCI is highly visible when smiling, drawing attention to a repaired cleft lip, and is often the main presenting complaint of a patient with cleft lip and palate attending for orthodontic treatment. The benefit of interceptive orthodontic treatment to alleviate these concerns must be weighed up against the consequences of adding to the already substantial orthodontic burden likely to be faced by these patients.

Global Proteotoxicity Caused by Human β Microglobulin Variants Impairs the Unfolded Protein Response in .

Aggregation of β microglobulin (βm) into amyloid fibrils is associated with systemic amyloidosis, caused by the deposition of amyloid fibrils containing the wild-type protein and its truncated variant, ΔN6 βm, in haemo-dialysed patients. A second form of familial systemic amyloidosis caused by the βm variant, D76N, results in amyloid deposits in the viscera, without renal dysfunction. Although the folding and misfolding mechanisms of β microglobulin have been widely studied in vitro and in vivo, we lack a comparable understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying toxicity in a cellular and organismal environment.

Increased levels of Stress-inducible phosphoprotein-1 accelerates amyloid-β deposition in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.

Molecular chaperones and co-chaperones, which are part of the protein quality control machinery, have been shown to regulate distinct aspects of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) pathology in multiple ways. Notably, the co-chaperone STI1, which presents increased levels in AD, can protect mammalian neurons from amyloid-β toxicity in vitro and reduced STI1 levels worsen Aβ toxicity in C. elegans.

A short motif in the N-terminal region of α-synuclein is critical for both aggregation and function.

Aggregation of human α-synuclein (αSyn) is linked to Parkinson's disease (PD) pathology. The central region of the αSyn sequence contains the non-amyloid β-component (NAC) crucial for aggregation. However, how NAC flanking regions modulate αSyn aggregation remains unclear.

A PQM-1-Mediated Response Triggers Transcellular Chaperone Signaling and Regulates Organismal Proteostasis.

In metazoans, tissues experiencing proteotoxic stress induce "transcellular chaperone signaling" (TCS) that activates molecular chaperones, such as hsp-90, in distal tissues. How this form of inter-tissue communication is mediated to upregulate systemic chaperone expression and whether it can be utilized to protect against protein misfolding diseases remain open questions. Using C.

Assessment of slot sizes in self-ligating brackets using electron microscopy.

Objective: To measure the slot dimensions of 0.022 inch self-ligating upper central incisor brackets from six manufacturers using electron microscopy, to compare the measured dimensions with the manufacturers' published dimensions, and to determine if the walls of the slots were parallel.

Materials: Six self-ligating upper central incisor brackets from four manufacturers (SmartClip and Clarity SL, 3M Unitek, Monrovia, CA, USA; Speed, Strite Industries Ontario, Canada; Damon MX, Ormco, Orange, CA, USA; In-Ovation R and In-Ovation C, Dentsply GAC, Bohemia NY, USA) were imaged with a scanning electron microscope and the slots heights measured.

The impact of idealised facial images on satisfaction with facial appearance: comparing 'ideal' and 'average' faces.

Objectives: Recent work has demonstrated that female orthognathic patients display more dissatisfaction with their facial appearance after viewing idealised images of facial photographs, than do controls. Patients may request orthognathic surgery because they hope to improve their appearance to conform with ideals portrayed in the mass media, and these hopes may not be realistic. Patients who demonstrate certain personality traits are more likely to hold such hopes.

A computerized photographic assessment of the relationship between skeletal discrepancy and mandibular outline asymmetry.

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between mandibular outline asymmetry and skeletal discrepancy in a sample of orthodontic patients (33 females, 33 males) aged from 8 to 19 years. Skeletal discrepancy was assessed in both the anteroposterior and vertical planes, using standard cephalometric analyses. All were photographed under standardized conditions and the photographs were then digitized for analysis using a computerized system to assess differences in four variables (area, perimeter, compactness and moment-ratio) between the right and left sides of the mandibular outline.