Carnosic acid inhibits the growth of ER-negative human breast cancer cells and synergizes with curcumin.

Background: Studies indicate that extracts and purified components, including carnosic acid, from the herb rosemary display significant growth inhibitory activity on a variety of cancers.

Purpose: This paper examines the ability of rosemary/carnosic acid to inhibit the growth of human breast cancer cells and to synergize with curcumin.

Materials And Methods: To do this, we treated human breast cancer cells with rosemary/carnosic acid and assessed effects on cell proliferation, cell cycle distribution, gene expression patterns, activity of the purified Na/K ATPase and combinations with curcumin.

Digitoxin activates EGR1 and synergizes with paclitaxel on human breast cancer cells.

Background: Numerous studies have suggested that digitalis derivatives promise to be superior to existing adjuvant therapy for breast cancer as to effects and side-effects. In the present study, we have used gene expression analysis to determine the molecular action of digitoxin on breast cancer cells and assessed digitoxin's ability to synergize with the chemotherapy agent paclitaxel with respect to inhibition of cell proliferation

Materials And Methods: We treated (Her2 overexpressing, ER low) MDA-MB-453 human breast cancer cells with digitoxin at four doses {20 ng/ml (26 nM) to 1 μg/ml} and collected RNA at 6 h and 24 h for gene expression analysis. To examine the effects on ER positive cells, we treated MCF7 cells with digitoxin at 1 μg/ml and collected RNA for RT-PCR analysis.

ADP receptor-blocker thienopyridines: chemical structures, mode of action and clinical use. A review.

One of the major classes of adenosine diphosphate (ADP) receptor antagonists are thienopyridines. Thienopyridines compose a subcategory of antiplatelet medications, known as ADP receptor inhibitors, used commonly for the treatment of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Thienopyridines, including ticlopidine, clopidogrel and prasugrel, are prodrugs administered orally that are further metabolized by hepatocytes to create active metabolites that irreversibly bind ADP receptors located on the platelet membrane.

Actein inhibits the Na+-K+-ATPase and enhances the growth inhibitory effect of digitoxin on human breast cancer cells.

The Na+K+-ATPase is a known target of cardiac glycosides such as digitoxin and ouabain. We determined that the enzyme also is a target of the structurally-related triterpene glycoside actein, present in the herb black cohosh. Actein's inhibition of Na+-K+-ATPase activity was less potent than that of digitoxin, but actein potentiated digitoxin's inhibitory effect on Na+-K+-ATPase activity and MDA-MB-453 breast cancer cell growth.

Chemical structures and mode of action of intravenous glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor blockers: A review.

Glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa receptor antagonists compose a subcategory of antiplatelet medications that reduce thrombus formation through the blockade of key binding sites needed to stabilize the forming platelet aggregate. The GP IIb/IIIa receptors have been identified as a therapeutic target in reducing the occurrence of platelet-dependent thrombus formation. One advantage of GP IIb/IIIa receptor antagonists is that because GP IIb/IIIa is platelet-specific, inhibition of this receptor does not affect platelet adhesion.