Behavioral Nudges to Encourage Appropriate Antimicrobial Use Among Health Professionals in Uganda.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global public health concern exacerbated by inappropriate antimicrobial prescribing practices, particularly in low-resource settings such as Uganda. The research aimed to develop a culturally sensitive behavioral intervention, leveraging a "nudge" strategy, to improve healthcare provider adherence to the 2016 Uganda Clinical Guidelines (UCG 2016) in five Ugandan hospitals. This intervention formed part of broader antimicrobial stewardship initiatives led by the United States Agency for International Development Medicines, Technologies, and Pharmaceutical Services Program.

Association of Behavioral Phenotypes With Changes in Sleep During a Workplace Wellness Program.

Purpose: Examine changes in sleep duration by 3 behavioral phenotypes during a workplace wellness program with overweight and obese adults.

Design: Secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial.

Setting: Remotely monitored intervention conducted across the United States.

Correlates of e-cigarette use among active duty US military personnel: implications for cessation policy.

Background: Electronic cigarette (or e-cigarette) use has grown substantially since its US market introduction in 2007. Although marketed as a safer alternative to traditional cigarettes, studies have shown they can also be a gateway to their use. The purpose of this investigation is to identify factors associated with different patterns of tobacco use among active duty military personnel.

Association between behavioral phenotypes and response to a physical activity intervention using gamification and social incentives: Secondary analysis of the STEP UP randomized clinical trial.

Participants often vary in their response to behavioral interventions, but methods to identify groups of participants that are more likely to respond are lacking. In this secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial, we used baseline characteristics to group participants into distinct behavioral phenotypes and evaluated differential responses to a physical activity intervention. Latent class analysis was used to segment participants based on baseline participant data including demographics, validated measures of psychosocial variables, and physical activity behavior.

Body mass index and the built and social environments in children and adolescents using electronic health records.

Background: No prior studies in children have evaluated how age may modify relationships of the built and social environments with BMI, nor evaluated the range of scales and contexts over which places may influence health.

Purpose: To systematically evaluate associations of 33 environmental measures in three domains (land use, physical activity, and social environments) with BMI in children and adolescents in five geographies.

Methods: A cross-sectional, multilevel analysis was completed in 2009-2010 of electronic health record data (2001-2008) from 47,769 children aged 5-18 years residing in a 31-county region of Pennsylvania.