The range and variation in serum estradiol concentration in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women treated with transdermal estradiol in a real-world setting: a cross-sectional study.

Objectives: The aims of the study are to explore the range and variation in serum estradiol concentration, and to estimate the prevalence of "poor absorption" (women using licensed estradiol doses with subtherapeutic levels), in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women using transdermal estradiol in the real world.

Methods: This is a cross-sectional analysis in a specialist menopause clinic in the UK.

Results: Serum samples were obtained from 1,508 perimenopausal and postmenopausal women.

Effect of transdermal testosterone therapy on mood and cognitive symptoms in peri- and postmenopausal women: a pilot study.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of testosterone therapy on mood and cognitive symptoms in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study undertaken in a UK specialist menopause clinic. 510 women using hormone replacement therapy (HRT) with persistent low libido, cognitive and negative mood symptoms were treated with testosterone cream or gel for 4 months.