Preservation of Olfactory Function After Pediatric Endoscopic Endonasal Skull Base Surgery with Nasoseptal Flap Reconstruction.

Objective: Endoscopic endonasal surgery is a feasible approach to lesions of the pediatric skull base. Olfactory outcomes after endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA) have been reported in the adult literature, but pediatric outcome data are lacking. The purpose of this preliminary study is to evaluate postoperative olfactory outcomes in pediatric patients who underwent EEA through transsphenoidal and/or transclival corridors.

Congenital Pyriform Aperture Stenosis: Not All Patients Require Open Repair.

Objective: Evaluate the management options for congenital nasal pyriform aperture stenosis (CNPAS).

Study Design: Case series.

Setting: Tertiary referral children's hospital.

Selective transcriptomic dysregulation of metabolic pathways in liver and retina by short- and long-term dietary hyperglycemia.

A high glycemic index (HGI) diet induces hyperglycemia, a risk factor for diseases affecting multiple organ systems. Here, we evaluated tissue-specific adaptations in the liver and retina after feeding HGI diet to mice for 1 or 12 month. In the liver, genes associated with inflammation and fatty acid metabolism were altered within 1 month of HGI diet, whereas 12-month HGI diet-fed group showed dysregulated expression of cytochrome P450 genes and overexpression of lipogenic factors including and .

Repurposing Drugs for Treatment of Age-Related Macular Degeneration.

The need for new drugs to treat dry forms of age-related macular degeneration remains high. A promising approach is repurposing of FDA-approved medications to treat AMD. Databases containing medical and drug records allow for retroactive identification of drugs whose use correlates with reduced AMD diagnosis.

Juvenile Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma: Outcomes Analysis Based Upon Hospital Volume.

Objective: To evaluate the management of juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma (JNA) from a national perspective with outcomes comparison based on hospital volume.

Study Design: Ten-year Pediatric Health Information Systems (PHIS) data analysis.

Methods: The PHIS database was queried for the diagnosis of JNA.

Repurposing a Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 1 (CDK1) Mitotic Regulatory Network to Complete Terminal Differentiation in Lens Fiber Cells.

Purpose: During lens fiber cell differentiation, organelles are removed in an ordered manner to ensure lens clarity. A critical step in this process is removal of the cell nucleus, but the mechanisms by which this occurs are unclear. In this study, we investigate the role of a cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) regulatory loop in controlling lens fiber cell denucleation (LFCD).

A reciprocal translocation involving Aspergillus nidulans snxAHrb1/Gbp2 and gyfA uncovers a new regulator of the G2-M transition and reveals a role in transcriptional repression for the setBSet2 histone H3-lysine-36 methyltransferase.

Aspergillus nidulans snxA, an ortholog of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Hrb1/Gbp2 messenger RNA shuttle proteins, is-in contrast to budding yeast-involved in cell cycle regulation, in which snxA1 and snxA2 mutations as well as a snxA deletion specifically suppress the heat sensitivity of mutations in regulators of the CDK1 mitotic induction pathway. snxA mutations are strongly cold sensitive, and at permissive temperature snxA mRNA and protein expression are strongly repressed. Initial attempts to identify the causative snxA mutations revealed no defects in the SNXA protein.

Aged Nrf2-Null Mice Develop All Major Types of Age-Related Cataracts.

Purpose: Age-related cataracts affect the majority of older adults and are a leading cause of blindness worldwide. Treatments that delay cataract onset or severity have the potential to delay cataract surgery, but require relevant animal models that recapitulate the major types of cataracts for their development. Unfortunately, few such models are available.

The Glyoxalase System in Age-Related Diseases: Nutritional Intervention as Anti-Ageing Strategy.

The glyoxalase system is critical for the detoxification of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs). AGEs are toxic compounds resulting from the non-enzymatic modification of biomolecules by sugars or their metabolites through a process called glycation. AGEs have adverse effects on many tissues, playing a pathogenic role in the progression of molecular and cellular aging.

Autophagic receptor p62 protects against glycation-derived toxicity and enhances viability.

Diabetes and metabolic syndrome are associated with the typical American high glycemia diet and result in accumulation of high levels of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), particularly upon aging. AGEs form when sugars or their metabolites react with proteins. Associated with a myriad of age-related diseases, AGEs accumulate in many tissues and are cytotoxic.

Dietary Patterns, Carbohydrates, and Age-Related Eye Diseases.

Over a third of older adults in the U.S. experience significant vision loss, which decreases independence and is a biomarker of decreased health span.