Balancing precision and affordability in assessing infant development in large-scale mortality trials: secondary analysis of a randomised controlled trial.

Objective: Large-scale mortality trials require reliable secondary assessments of impairment. We compared the Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ-3), a screening tool self-administered by parents, in classifying impairment using the 'gold standard' Bayley Scales of Infant Development (Bayley-III), a diagnostic tool administered by trained assessors.

Design: Analysis of 405 children around 2 years corrected age from the Australian Placental Transfusion Study, a trial conducted over 8 years.

Opportunistic Salpingectomy Between 2017 and 2020: A Descriptive Analysis.

Objectives: Opportunistic salpingectomy (OS) is the removal of fallopian tubes during another pelvic surgery for the purpose of ovarian cancer prevention. Herein, we describe the rates of OS at the time of hysterectomy and tubal sterilization between 2017 and 2020.

Methods: This study uses the Canadian Institute of Health Information's Discharge Abstract Database and National Ambulatory Care Reporting System for all Canadian provinces and territories except for Quebec between the fiscal years 2017 and 2020.

Cervical PEComa: Challenges in diagnosis and prognosis of a rare neoplasm.

•Cervical PEComas are rare neoplasms which present a diagnostic challenge.•Large tumour size is an important clinical prognosticator in cervical PEComa.•All reported cases of cervical PEComa classified as benign by Folpe criteria behaved in benign fashion clinically.

Opportunistic salpingectomy between 2011 and 2016: a descriptive analysis.

Background: Opportunistic salpingectomy (OS) is the removal of fallopian tubes during hysterectomy for benign indications or instead of tubal ligation, for the purpose of preventing ovarian cancer. We determined rates of OS at the time of hysterectomy and tubal sterilization and examined how they changed over the study period.

Methods: Using data from the Canadian Institute for Health Information's Discharge Abstract Database and National Ambulatory Care Reporting System for all Canadian provinces and territories (except Quebec) between the fiscal years 2011 and 2016, we conducted a descriptive analysis of all patients aged 15 years or older who underwent hysterectomy or tubal sterilization.

Outcomes From Opportunistic Salpingectomy for Ovarian Cancer Prevention.

Importance: Opportunistic salpingectomy (OS), which is the removal of fallopian tubes during hysterectomy or instead of tubal ligation without removal of ovaries, is recommended to prevent ovarian cancer, particularly serous ovarian cancer. However, the effectiveness of OS is still undetermined.

Objective: To examine observed vs expected rates of ovarian cancer among individuals who have undergone OS.

Examining indicators of early menopause following opportunistic salpingectomy: a cohort study from British Columbia, Canada.

Background: The fallopian tube may often be the site of origin for the most common and lethal form of ovarian cancer, high-grade serous ovarian cancer. As a result, many colleges of obstetrics and gynecology, which include the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, are recommending surgical removal of the fallopian tube (bilateral salpingectomy) at the time of other gynecologic surgeries (particularly hysterectomy and tubal sterilization) in women at general population risk for ovarian cancer, collectively referred to as opportunistic salpingectomy. Previous research has illustrated no increased risk of complications after opportunistic salpingectomy.

Variation in transcriptional responses to copper exposure across Daphnia pulex lineages.

Copper pollution is pervasive in aquatic habitats and is particularly harmful to invertebrates sensitive to environmental changes such as Daphnia pulex. Mechanisms of toxicity and tolerance to copper are not well understood. We used RNA-sequencing to investigate these mechanisms in three genetically distinct D.

Extending the safety evidence for opportunistic salpingectomy in prevention of ovarian cancer: a cohort study from British Columbia, Canada.

Background: Recent evidence has suggested that the fallopian tube may often be the site of origin for the most common and lethal form of ovarian cancer. As a result, many Colleges of Obstetrics and Gynecology, including the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecology, are recommending surgical removal of the fallopian tube (bilateral salpingectomy) at the time of other gynecologic surgeries (particularly hysterectomy and tubal sterilization) in women at general population risk for ovarian cancer, collectively referred to as opportunistic salpingectomy.

Objective: Previous research with the use of hospital data has indicated good perioperative safety of opportunistic salpingectomy, but no data on minor complications have been presented.

Outcomes of Conservative Management of High Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions in Young Women.

Objective: The aim of the study was to determine regression rates of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 2 and 3 in women younger than 24 years, followed conservatively for up to 24 months.

Materials And Methods: This is a retrospective chart review of colposcopy patients in clinic database based on the following: (1) younger than 24 years at first visit; (2) first visit January 1, 2010, to May 31, 2013, and at least 1 follow-up visit after diagnosis; (3) histologic diagnosis of CIN2+; and (4) optimal conservative management (observation for up to 24 months or to 24 years, whichever occurred first). Patient information and clinical/pathologic data were extracted from charts to examine patient characteristics and treatment outcomes, CIN2+ regression rates, median times to regression for CIN2 versus CIN3 (Kaplan-Meier survival analysis), and predictors of regression (multivariate logistic regression analysis).

Changing Clinical Practice: Evaluation of Implementing Recommendations for Opportunistic Salpingectomy in British Columbia and Ontario.

Objective: The aim of the study was to explore the factors that contributed to the adoption of opportunistic salpingectomies (removal of fallopian at the time of hysterectomy or in lieu of tubal ligation) by gynecologic surgeons in British Columbia (where a knowledge translation initiative took place) and in Ontario (a comparator where no knowledge translation initiative took place). We aimed to understand why the knowledge translation initiative undertaken by OVCARE in British Columbia resulted in such a dramatic uptake in opportunistic salpingectomy.

Methods: We undertook a qualitative evaluation of clinicians' decisions about whether or not they should adopt the practice of opportunistic salpingectomy based on interviews with gynecologic surgeons in British Columbia and Ontario (n = 28).

Delayed versus Immediate Cord Clamping in Preterm Infants.

Background: The preferred timing of umbilical-cord clamping in preterm infants is unclear.

Methods: We randomly assigned fetuses from women who were expected to deliver before 30 weeks of gestation to either immediate clamping of the umbilical cord (≤10 seconds after delivery) or delayed clamping (≥60 seconds after delivery). The primary composite outcome was death or major morbidity (defined as severe brain injury on postnatal ultrasonography, severe retinopathy of prematurity, necrotizing enterocolitis, or late-onset sepsis) by 36 weeks of postmenstrual age.

Muscle magnetic resonance imaging in congenital myasthenic syndromes.

Introduction: In this study we investigated muscle magnetic resonance imaging in congenital myasthenic syndromes (CMS).

Methods: Twenty-six patients with 9 CMS subtypes and 10 controls were imaged. T1-weighted (T1w) and short-tau inversion recovery (STIR) 3-Tesla MRI images obtained at thigh and calf levels were scored for severity.

Impact of Neighborhood Environments on Health Consciousness, Information Seeking, and Attitudes among US-Born and Non-US-Born Free Clinic Patients.

Objectives: This study examined the impact of neighborhood environments on health consciousness, information seeking, and attitudes among uninsured free clinic patients to better understand the specific needs of the population for health promotion and prevention efforts.

Methods: US-born English-speaking, non-US-born English-speaking, and Spanish-speaking free clinic patients completed a self-administered survey using reliable measures in autumn 2014 (N = 769).

Results: The results of this study suggest that social cohesion is positively associated with health consciousness, information seeking, and attitudes.

Experiencing Health Advocacy During Cervical Cancer Awareness Week: A National Initiative for Obstetrics and Gynaecology Residents.

Objective: The Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada requires that residents demonstrate competence in health advocacy (HA). We sought to develop and implement a national educational module for obstetrics and gynaecology residents to address the role of HA. This pilot program was centred on cervical cancer prevention, which lends itself to applying the principles of advocacy.

The Long-term Efficacy and Safety of Fecal Microbiota Transplant for Recurrent, Severe, and Complicated Clostridium difficile Infection in 146 Elderly Individuals.

Objectives: Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) in the elderly has a higher prevalence, greater morbidity and mortality, and lower response to conventional treatment than the general population. Fecal microbiota transplant (FMT) is highly effective therapy for CDI but has not been studied specifically in the elderly. This study aims to determine the long-term efficacy and safety of FMT for recurrent (RCDI), severe (SCDI), and complicated (CCDI) CDI in elderly patients.

Donor Recruitment for Fecal Microbiota Transplantation.

Background: Increasing demand for fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has created a need for stool banks sourced from long-term healthy donors. Here, we describe our experience in recruiting and screening fecal donors.

Methods: Mailbox, newspaper, and online advertisements were used.

Costs and benefits of opportunistic salpingectomy as an ovarian cancer prevention strategy.

Objective: To conduct a cost-effectiveness analysis of opportunistic salpingectomy (elective salpingectomy at hysterectomy or instead of tubal ligation).

Methods: A Markov Monte Carlo simulation model estimated the costs and benefits of opportunistic salpingectomy in a hypothetical cohort of women undergoing hysterectomy for benign gynecologic conditions or surgical sterilization. The primary outcome measure was the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio.

A functional proteogenomic analysis of endometrioid and clear cell carcinomas using reverse phase protein array and mutation analysis: protein expression is histotype-specific and loss of ARID1A/BAF250a is associated with AKT phosphorylation.

Background: Ovarian cancer is now recognized as a number of distinct diseases primarily defined by histological subtype. Both clear cell ovarian carcinomas (CCC) and ovarian endometrioid carcinomas (EC) may arise from endometriosis and frequently harbor mutations in the ARID1A tumor suppressor gene. We studied the influence of histological subtype on protein expression with reverse phase protein array (RPPA) and assessed proteomic changes associated with ARID1A mutation/BAF250a expression in EC and CCC.

The fallopian tube as the origin of high grade serous ovarian cancer: review of a paradigm shift.

Research published over the past 10 years has suggested that most "ovarian cancer," and specifically the high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) subtype of ovarian cancer, actually originates in the fallopian tube. In this review, we examine the evidence supporting the tubal origin hypothesis for HGSC, and discuss the clinical implications of our improved understanding of the pathogenesis of ovarian cancer. We searched Medline R and Medline in-process and non-indexed citations from inception to December 15, 2012, to identify all English or French language articles discussing the origins of HGSC.

Opportunistic salpingectomy: uptake, risks, and complications of a regional initiative for ovarian cancer prevention.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the uptake and perioperative safety of bilateral salpingectomy (BS) as an ovarian cancer risk-reduction strategy in low-risk women after a regional initiative that was aimed at general gynecologists in the province of British Columbia, Canada.

Study Design: This population-based retrospective cohort study evaluated 43,931 women in British Columbia from 2008-2011 who underwent hysterectomy that was performed with and without BS or bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy or who underwent surgical sterilization by means of BS or tubal ligation. Parameters that were examined include patient age, operating time, surgical approach, indication, length of hospital stay, and perioperative complications.

Risk-reducing salpingectomy in Canada: a survey of obstetrician-gynaecologists.

Objective: Performing risk-reducing salpingectomy (RRS) at the time of hysterectomy or as a method of tubal ligation has been suggested as a way to reduce the incidence of high grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) of the ovary, since this type of cancer is hypothesized to originate in the fallopian tube. We conducted a survey of Canadian obstetrician-gynaecologists to better understand the uptake and knowledge of implementing this procedure, and to identify barriers to doing so.

Methods: An anonymous, web-based survey using both quantitative and qualitative methods was sent to obstetrician-gynaecologist members of the Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada and the Society of Gynecologic Oncology of Canada.

DOK7 congenital myasthenic syndrome in childhood: early diagnostic clues in 23 children.

Mutations in DOK7 are a common cause of congenital myasthenia. Treatment with ephedrine or salbutamol is effective, but diagnosis is often delayed. The aim of our study was to find early clues to the diagnosis of DOK7 congenital myasthenic syndrome.

Mutations in GFPT1 that underlie limb-girdle congenital myasthenic syndrome result in reduced cell-surface expression of muscle AChR.

Mutations in GFPT1 underlie a congenital myasthenic syndrome (CMS) characterized by a limb-girdle pattern of muscle weakness. Glutamine-fructose-6-phosphate transaminase 1 (GFPT1) is a key rate-limiting enzyme in the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway providing building blocks for the glycosylation of proteins and lipids. It is expressed ubiquitously and it is not readily apparent why mutations in this gene should cause a syndrome with symptoms restricted to muscle and, in particular, to the neuromuscular junction.