Unlocking success: community engagement for enhanced HIV care outcomes.

Background: Though social determinants are the primary drivers of health, few studies of people living with HIV focus on non-clinical correlates of insecure and/or fragmented connections with the care system. Our team uses linked clinical and multisector non-clinical data to study how residential mobility and connection to social services influence the HIV care continuum. We engage a diverse group of individuals living with HIV and other invested community members to guide and inform this research.

Unlocking Success: Community Engagement for Enhanced HIV Care Outcomes.

Background: Though social determinants are the primary drivers of health, few studies of people living with HIV (PLWH) focus on non-clinical correlates of insecure and/or fragmented connections with the care system. Our team has used linked clinical and multisector non-clinical data to study how residential mobility and connection to social services influence the HIV care continuum. We engage a diverse group of invested patients and community members to guide and inform this research.

Development of a prototype of a patient-reported outcomes measure for hypospadias care, the Patient Assessment Tool for Hypospadias (PATH).

Introduction/background: Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) for hypospadias care are lacking, and most existing instruments were developed without patient input.

Objective: The objective of this study was to 1) use our previously developed Hypospadias Journal for concept elicitation in a sample of adolescent and young adult hypospadias patients and 2) develop a new hypospadias PROM.

Study Design: We recruited English-speaking males ages 13-30 living in the United States with a self-reported history of hypospadias through targeted advertisements on Facebook and Instagram from March to June 2022.

Obesity Prevention in Early Life (OPEL) study: linking longitudinal data to capture obesity risk in the first 1000 days.

To develop robust prediction models for infant obesity risk, we need data spanning multiple levels of influence, including child clinical health outcomes (eg, height and weight), information about maternal pregnancy history, detailed sociodemographic information of parents and community-level factors. Few data sources contain all of this information. This manuscript describes the creation of the Obesity Prevention in Early Life (OPEL) database, a longitudinal, population-based database that links clinical data with birth certificates and geocoded area-level indicators for 19 437 children born in Marion County, Indiana between 2004 and 2019.

Development of a Real-Time Dashboard for Overdose Touchpoints: User-Centered Design Approach.

Background: Overdose Fatality Review (OFR) is an important public health tool for shaping overdose prevention strategies in communities. However, OFR teams review only a few cases at a time, which typically represent a small fraction of the total fatalities in their jurisdiction. Such limited review could result in a partial understanding of local overdose patterns, leading to policy recommendations that do not fully address the broader community needs.

Early development of local data dashboards to depict the substance use care cascade for youth involved in the legal system: qualitative findings from end users.

Introduction: Rates of substance use are high among youth involved in the legal system (YILS); however, YILS are less likely to initiate and complete substance use treatment compared to their non legally-involved peers. There are multiple steps involved in connecting youth to needed services, from screening and referral within the juvenile legal system to treatment initiation and completion within the behavioral health system. Understanding potential gaps in the care continuum requires data and decision-making from these two systems.

The Concordance of Electronic Health Record Diagnoses and Substance use Self-Reports Among Reproductive Aged Women Enrolled in a Community-Based Addiction Reduction Program.

Substance use disorders among reproductive aged women are a major public health issue. There is little work investigating the validity and reliability of electronic health record (EHR) data for measuring substance use in this population. This study examined the concordance of self-reported substance use with clinical diagnoses of substance use, substance abuse and substance use disorder in EHR data.

HIV Care Continuum Among People Living With HIV and History of Arrest and Mental Health Diagnosis.

Objective: Justice involvement and psychiatric comorbidities contribute to excess HIV morbidity, yet their interaction is poorly understood. We examined associations of this overlap with HIV outcomes among people living with HIV (PLWH).

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of PLWH aged 13 years and older residing in Marion County (Indianapolis), IN, during 2018 (n = 5730) using linked HIV surveillance, arrest, and clinical data.

Engagement With Mental Health Services Among Survivors of Firearm Injury.

Importance: Despite the prevalence of posttraumatic stress symptoms after firearm injury, little is known about how firearm injury survivors connect with mental health services.

Objective: To determine facilitators and barriers to mental health care engagement among firearm injury survivors.

Design, Setting, And Participants: A qualitative study of 1-on-1, semistructured interviews conducted within a community setting in Indianapolis, Indiana, between June 2021 and January 2022.

Human-centered designed communication tools for obesity prevention in early life.

Objective: How we communicate about obesity is critical as treatment paradigms shift upstream. We previously identified parental perceptions, concerns, beliefs, and communication preferences about early life obesity risk. We engaged parents of children 0 to 24 months of age and pediatricians from Indianapolis, Indiana, USA in the co-design of messages and tools that can be used to facilitate parent/provider conversations about early life obesity prevention.

Caregiver and Juvenile Justice Personnel Perspectives on challenges and importance of caregiver engagement and the potential utility of a peer navigator program in the Juvenile Justice System.

Background: For youth involved in the juvenile justice (JJ) system, caregiver involvement and engagement in the system is crucial for youth development and outcomes of JJ cases; however, there are challenges to establishing positive/productive partnerships between caregivers and JJ representatives. The current project examines perspectives of caregivers and JJ personnel regarding facilitators and barriers to establishing JJ-caregiver partnerships, as well as their perceptions of the use of a caregiver navigator program to support caregivers of system-involved youth. Results are used to inform development of a caregiver navigator program to support caregivers and help them navigate the JJ system.

Trends in Neonatal Opioid Withdrawal Syndrome and Opioid Exposure Diagnoses Among Infants With Private Health Insurance, 2016-2021: Introduction of the P04.14 ICD-10-CM Code.

Objective: The opioid epidemic has led to a surge in diagnoses of neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS). Many states track the incidence of NOWS by using the P96.1 (ICD-10-CM) code for "neonatal withdrawal symptoms from maternal use of drugs of addiction.

Proving promise and support: Preliminary evaluation of the Indiana Family Preservation Services.

Background: As part of the implementation of Family First Preservation Services Act, and to meet legal requirements set by the Indiana State Legislature in 2019, Indiana Department of Child Services (DCS) implemented Indiana Family Preservation Services (INFPS) to maintain children in the home when it is deemed safe to do so.

Objective: This paper explores the effects of INFPS on child removal episodes and repeat maltreatment.

Participants And Setting: This study compares all children and families receiving INFPS between January 1, 2021 to March 31, 2021 to a similar cohort of in-home cases that opened between January 1, 2019 and March 31, 2019.

"Research Jam": Engaging patients and other stakeholders through human-centered design to improve translational research.

Effective stakeholder engagement increases research relevance and utility. Though published principles of community-based participatory research and patient-centered outcomes research offer guidance, few resources offer effective techniques to engage stakeholders and translate their engagement into improvements in research process and outcomes. The Indiana Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute (Indiana CTSI) is home to Research Jam (RJ), an interdisciplinary team of researchers, project management professionals, and design experts, that employs human-centered design (HCD) to engage stakeholders in the research process.

Associations between outpatient treatment and the use of intensive psychiatric healthcare services.

The current manuscript examines concurrent and longitudinal associations between the utilization of outpatient and intensive psychiatric services among Medicaid-enrolled youth. Using an administrative dataset of Medicaid claims from 2007 to 2017, youth were included if they were between the ages of 10-18 (M = 13.4, SD = 2.

Identifying Patient-Centered Outcomes for Caregivers and Children With Musculoskeletal Infections.

Background: Musculoskeletal infections (MSKI), including osteomyelitis and septic arthritis, are among the most common invasive infections in children and have the potential to cause significant morbidity. Guidelines have been developed to optimize care based on clinician-developed endpoints. Patient-centered outcomes have not been defined for children with MSKI.

Examining Patterns of Psychotherapy Service Utilization Among Medicaid-Enrolled Adolescents.

Objective: Adolescents with behavioral health disorders (i.e., mental health disorders and substance use) often experience frequent recurrence of symptoms, suggesting a need for an ongoing behavioral health intervention, rather than a single course of treatment.

Dual Protection Messaging for Adolescents and Young Adults in the Setting of Over-the-Counter Hormonal Contraception: A Human-Centered Design Approach.

Study Objective: To use human-centered design approaches to engage adolescents and young adults in the creation of messages focused on dual method use in the setting of over-the-counter hormonal contraception access DESIGN: Baseline survey and self-directed workbooks with human-centered design activities were completed. The workbooks were transcribed and analyzed using qualitative methods to determine elements of the communication model, including sender, receiver, message, media, and environment.

Setting: Indiana and Georgia PARTICIPANTS: People aged 14-21 years in Indiana and Georgia INTERVENTIONS: Self-directed workbooks MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Elements of the communication model, including sender, receiver, message, media, and environment RESULTS: We analyzed 54 workbooks, with approximately half from each state.

Reciprocal innovation: A new approach to equitable and mutually beneficial global health partnerships.

Global health researchers often discount mutual learning and benefit to address shared health challenges across high and low- and middle-income settings. Drawing from a 30-year partnership called AMPATH that started between Indiana University in the US and Moi University in Kenya, we describe an innovative approach and program for mutual learning and benefit coined 'reciprocal innovation.' Reciprocal innovation harnesses a bidirectional, co-constituted, and iterative exchange of ideas, resources, and innovations to address shared health challenges across diverse global settings.

Communicating Risk for Obesity in Early Life: Engaging Parents Using Human-Centered Design Methodologies.

Objective: Pediatricians are well positioned to discuss early life obesity risk, but optimal methods of communication should account for parent preferences. To help inform communication strategies focused on early life obesity prevention, we employed human-centered design methodologies to identify parental perceptions, concerns, beliefs, and communication preferences about early life obesity risk.

Methods: We conducted a series of virtual human-centered design research sessions with 31 parents of infants <24 months old.

Healthcare utilization and mental health outcomes among nonfatal shooting assault victims.

Victims of nonfatal shooting (NFS) assaults suffer from emotional and physical trauma; however, little is understood about clinical care utilization patterns among victims. This study examines the healthcare utilization and mental health outcomes before and after an index NFS victimization. A longitudinal dataset of police and clinical data were linked at the individual level to define a cohort of NFS victims with one or more clinical encounter in the 24-months preceding an index NFS injury (N = 2,681) in Indianapolis, Indiana between 2005 and 2018.