Hepatocyte-Derived Exosomes Promote Liver Immune Tolerance: Possible Implications for Idiosyncratic Drug-Induced Liver Injury.

Most idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury appears to result from an adaptive immune attack on the liver. Recent evidence suggests that the T-cell response may be facilitated by the loss of immune tolerance. In this study, we explored the hypothesis that constitutively released hepatocyte-derived exosomes (HDE) are important for maintaining normal liver immune tolerance.

Optimized Methods to Explore the Mechanistic and Biomarker Potential of Hepatocyte-Derived Exosomes in Drug-Induced Liver Injury.

Recent evidence supports that alterations in hepatocyte-derived exosomes (HDE) may play a role in the pathogenesis of drug-induced liver injury (DILI). HDE-based biomarkers also hold promise to improve the sensitivity of existing in vitro assays for predicting DILI liability. Primary human hepatocytes (PHH) provide a physiologically relevant in vitro model to explore the mechanistic and biomarker potential of HDE in DILI.