Lessons Learned Through Adaptation of a Model Successful during the COVID Pandemic: Expanding HIV Self-testing for Persons Who Use Drugs.

The US overdose crisis is driving a surge in HIV diagnoses among persons who inject drugs (PWID). Innovative approaches are needed to address this increase in cases. Although HIV self-testing (HIVST) was hailed as a potential "game-changer" upon initial approval by the Food and Drug Administration over a decade ago, this convenient testing modality has not reached its full potential to impact the HIV epidemic.

A PSMA-targeted Tri-specific Killer Engager enhances NK cell cytotoxicity against prostate cancer.

Natural killer (NK) cell tumor infiltration is associated with good prognosis in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). NK cells recognize and kill targets by a process called natural cytotoxicity. We hypothesized that promoting an antigen-specific synapse with co-activation may enhance NK cell function in mCRPC.

Academic performance in moderately and late preterm children in the United States: are they catching up?

Objective: To determine whether preterm birth of 32-36 6/7 weeks gestation affected school performance from kindergarten through fifth grade.

Study Design: We assessed 14350 term infants and 1195 32-36 6/7 weeks gestation infants followed in the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study Kindergarten 2011 cohort for classroom performance in kindergarten-fifth grade. Multivariable regression was performed for comparisons, and data were weighted to be representative of the US population.

A Case of an Obstructed Delivery by a Large, Lower Uterine Segment Fibroid Interlocked with a Fetal Mentum.

Uterine leiomyomata are associated with many pregnancy complications and will likely become increasingly common as the average age of childbearing increases. We describe a case of an obstructed delivery by a large fibroid. A 37-year-old G2P1001 with a 10-cm anterior, lower uterine segment fibroid presented for labor induction.

Fasting Compared With Fed and Oral Intake Before the 1-Hour Oral Glucose Tolerance Test: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of fasting compared with eating before the 1-hour oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) on gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) screening results.

Methods: In a single-center, prospective randomized trial, participants were randomized to: 1) fasting for 6 or more hours or 2) oral intake ("fed") within 2 hours of the 50-g, 1-hour OGTT. The 1-hour OGTT was administered after 24 weeks of gestation.

Red Blood Cell Transfusion in Patients With Placenta Accreta Spectrum: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Objective: To evaluate red blood cell use during delivery in patients with placenta accreta spectrum.

Data Sources: We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Cochrane Central, ClinicalTrials.gov, and Scopus for clinical trials and observational studies published between 2000 and 2021 in countries with developed economies.

Genome Characterization of Phage Amore2.

Novel phage Amore2 was isolated from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania and infects Gordonia terrae 3612. Amore2 was placed into Actinobacteria cluster CS1. Its genome is 73,842 bp with 105 predicted open reading frames and 56.

Study protocol: Minimum effective low dose: anti-human thymocyte globulin (MELD-ATG): phase II, dose ranging, efficacy study of antithymocyte globulin (ATG) within 6 weeks of diagnosis of type 1 diabetes.

Introduction: Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a chronic autoimmune disease, characterised by progressive destruction of the insulin-producing β cells of the pancreas. One immunosuppressive agent that has recently shown promise in the treatment of new-onset T1D subjects aged 12-45 years is antithymocyte globulin (ATG), Thymoglobuline, encouraging further exploration in lower age groups.

Methods And Analysis: Minimal effective low dose (MELD)-ATG is a phase 2, multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multiarm parallel-group trial in participants 5-25 years diagnosed with T1D within 3-9 weeks of planned treatment day 1.

Safety and efficacy of a home nasogastric monitoring program for premature infants.

Background: A novel home monitoring program, in which premature infants are cared for at home with a nasogastric tube in place prior to achievement of full oral feeding, was evaluated. The program combines a digital, fully EMR-integrated, virtual daily rounding platform with direct provider video and telephone contact.

Methods: A case-control study was performed evaluating infants < 34 weeks' gestation who were followed in our program.

Impact of isolation method on cellular activation and presence of specific tendon cell subpopulations during in vitro culture.

Tendon injuries are common and heal poorly, due in part to a lack of understanding of fundamental tendon cell biology. A major impediment to the study of tendon cells is the absence of robust, well-characterized in vitro models. Unlike other tissue systems, current tendon cell models do not account for how differences in isolation methodology may affect the activation state of tendon cells or the presence of various tendon cell subpopulations.

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on postpartum contraception planning.

Objective: The COVID-19 pandemic necessitated rapid adjustment of obstetrical delivery models including fewer antenatal appointments and increased use of telehealth. We hypothesized that an increase in telemedicine and a decrease in antepartum visits owing to the COVID-19 pandemic led to a decreased proportion of people with a postpartum contraception plan at the time of the birth-hospitalization admission and a reduced uptake of top-tier forms of contraception at birth-hospitalization admission and discharge, and the routine postpartum visit, which has otherwise been increasing in recent years. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective cohort study comparing a randomly selected sample of people giving birth at a large, tertiary referral center during a regional "shelter in place" order, March 16, 2020, to July 31, 2020, with a previously abstracted random sample of people delivering between November 1, 2017, and April 30, 2018, was conducted.

A Generalizable Multimodal Scrub Training Curriculum in Surgical Sterile Technique.

Introduction: Recent endeavors from governing bodies such as the AAMC have formally recognized the importance of aseptic technique. AAMC guidelines include activities that all graduating physicians should be able to perform with minimum indirect supervision and were developed to recognize these needs. For example, the skills necessary for aseptic technique include daily safety habits and general physician procedures.

Preclinical Surgical Preparatory Course and the NRMP Match: Early Exposure and Surgical Recruitment a 10-Year Follow-Up.

Objective: Many medical students mentally commit to specialties prior to entering clerkships. This is why early preclinical interactions with surgical specialties, through mentorship and/or interest groups, increases the opportunity to nurture enthusiasm for surgery. In 2007, a course providing preclinical medical students with introductory surgical skills training and preparation for the surgical environment ("SURG205") was established at our institution.

Executive Functions and Academic Outcomes of Low Birthweight Infants: A Prospective Longitudinal U.S. Cohort.

Objective: Executive functions such as working memory and cognitive flexibility are key to lifelong learning. Our hypothesis was that children born low birthweight (LBW), defined as weight < 2,500 g, would have lower cognitive outcomes than those born normal weight, and children with poor executive functioning would be at risk for poor academic outcomes.

Study Design: We evaluated data from 12,656 children followed prospectively in the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Kindergarten Class 2010-2011, assessing outcomes from kindergarten, first grade, and second grade.

Validity Evidence for a Knowledge Assessment Tool for a Mastery Learning Scrub Training Curriculum.

Purpose: To examine the validity evidence for a scrub training knowledge assessment tool to demonstrate the utility and robustness of a multimodal, entrustable professional activity (EPA)-aligned, mastery learning scrub training curriculum.

Method: Validity evidence was collected for the knowledge assessment used in the scrub training curriculum at Stanford University School of Medicine from April 2017 to June 2018. The knowledge assessment had 25 selected response items that mapped to curricular objectives, EPAs, and operating room policies.

Detection of visually occult metastatic lymph nodes using molecularly targeted fluorescent imaging during surgical resection of pancreatic cancer.

Background: Although most patients with PDAC experience distant failure after resection, a significant portion still present with local recurrence. Intraoperative fluorescent imaging can potentially facilitate the visualization of involved peritumoral LNs and guide the locoregional extent of nodal dissection. Here, the efficacy of targeted intraoperative fluorescent imaging was examined in the detection of metastatic lymph nodes (LNs) during resection of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC).

Recommendations for reporting on emerging optical imaging agents to promote clinical approval.

Intraoperative fluorescence imaging is particularly well-suited for surgical applications due to its inherently high sensitivity, resolution, and ability to provide images in real-time. To date, the intraoperative observation of fluorescence has largely been subjective. With the need to show objective evidence in order to demonstrate the benefit of this technique, quantitative data needs to be provided to overseeing regulatory bodies.

MBD4 guards against methylation damage and germ line deficiency predisposes to clonal hematopoiesis and early-onset AML.

The tendency of 5-methylcytosine (5mC) to undergo spontaneous deamination has had a major role in shaping the human genome, and this methylation damage remains the primary source of somatic mutations that accumulate with age. How 5mC deamination contributes to cancer risk in different tissues remains unclear. Genomic profiling of 3 early-onset acute myeloid leukemias (AMLs) identified germ line loss of MBD4 as an initiator of 5mC-dependent hypermutation.

Patient advocate involvement in the design and conduct of breast cancer clinical trials requiring the collection of multiple biopsies.

Plain English Summary: Breast cancer is a diverse and varied disease. Recent research has shown that the collection of multiple biopsies before surgery can help researchers determine how the cancer is responding to treatment and can predict for long-term outcomes. However biopsies can be uncomfortable, and sometimes clinicians and research teams in hospitals may be reluctant to offer clinical trials requiring several biopsies to patients who have been recently diagnosed with breast cancer.

Hip recovery strategy used by below-knee amputees following mediolateral foot perturbations.

Lower-limb amputees have a higher risk of falling compared to non-amputees. Proper regulation of whole-body angular momentum is necessary to prevent falls, particularly in the frontal plane where individuals are most unstable. However, the balance recovery mechanisms used by lower-limb amputees when recovering from a perturbation are not well-understood.