Exploring the Therapeutic Potential of DPP4 Inhibitors in Alzheimer's Disease: Molecular Insight and Clinical Outcome.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and cognitive decline. Given the shared neuropathophysiological traits between AD and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), repurposing antidiabetic medications, such as dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors (DPP4i), has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy. This review comprehensively evaluates the preclinical and clinical evidence supporting the potential of DPP4i in preventing or treating AD by modulating Aβ and tau pathology, improving cognitive function, reducing neuroinflammation and oxidative stress, and promoting neuronal survival.

Parvimonas micra Bacteremia in the Setting of a Hepatic Abscess: A Case Report.

is a Gram-positive anaerobic coccus that typically colonizes the oral cavity and gastrointestinal tract in humans. Though is typically associated with periodontal abscesses, it can also be an unlikely cause of bacteremia. Here, we report a case of bacteremia in the setting of a hepatic abscess.

Optimal harvest timing for brown midrib forage sorghum yield, nutritive value, and ration performance.

Forage sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is a viable alternative to corn silage (Zea mays L.) in double cropping rotations with forage winter cereals in New York due to a later planting date and potentially earlier harvest date of forage sorghum than is typical for corn silage.

Ergot alkaloids induce vasoconstriction of bovine uterine and ovarian blood vessels.

Fescue toxicosis is a syndrome that impairs growth and reproduction in cattle grazing endophyte-infected tall fescue [Lolium arundinaceum [(Schreb.].) Darbysh)] in the United States, resulting in approximately $1 billion in annual economic loss in species that utilize this forage resource.

Mechanistic investigation of the selective reduction of Meldrum's acids to β-hydroxy acids using SmI2 and H2O.

The mechanism of a recently reported first mono-reduction of cyclic 1,3-diesters (Meldrum's acids) to β-hydroxy acids with SmI2-H2O has been studied using a combination of reactivity, deuteration, kinetic isotope and radical clock experiments. Most crucially, the data indicate that the reaction proceeds via reversible electron transfer and that water, as a ligand for SmI2, stabilizes the radical anion intermediate rather than only promoting the first electron transfer as originally proposed.

Radical cyclization cascades of unsaturated Meldrum's acid derivatives.

Unsaturated, differentially substituted Meldrum's acid derivatives undergo cascade cyclizations upon ester reduction with SmI(2)-H(2)O. The cascade cyclizations proceed in good yield and with high diastereocontrol and convert simple, achiral starting materials to complex molecular architectures, bearing up to four stereocenters, in a single operation. The cascades are triggered by the generation and trapping of unusual radical-anions formed by electron transfer to the ester carbonyl.