Risk Factors for Upper Extremity Refractures in Children.

Background: Multiple descriptive studies have been published on refracture patterns, particularly for forearm fractures. However, few large cohorts have been analyzed quantitatively including the odds of refracture, and with a comprehensive assessment of the possible predictive factors associated with refracture. This study aimed to assess the frequency and timing of upper extremity refracture in a large pediatric orthopaedics practice, and to evaluate the strength of association of various patient-level and fracture-related factors with refracture.

Predictors of Childhood Injury in Children Reported to Child Protective Services.

Background: Adverse childhood experiences, such as child maltreatment, have been shown to result in negative health outcomes throughout an individual's life. Previous research has found that children with a prior allegation of maltreatment die due to unintentional injuries at twice the rate of children who were not reported to Child Protective Services, however, death is only one outcome of injury and many unintentional injuries do not result in death.

Methods: This secondary analysis of Longitudinal Studies of Child Abuse and Neglect (LONGSCAN) data examined predictors of injury in children whose family has been reported to CPS utilizing the ecological-developmental framework theoretical domains which guided LONGSCAN: child characteristics, family/caregiver characteristics, parental and family functioning, extrafamilial relationship skills, community ecology, child outcomes, and systems of care factors.

Effectiveness of a Pediatric Abusive Head Trauma Prevention Program Among Spanish-Speaking Mothers.

Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate participants' knowledge of and intent to share key messages of the Period of PURPLE Crying abusive head trauma prevention program among a majority Spanish-speaking population.

Methods: This study was a retrospective review of a postintervention survey administered in the perinatal unit of a community birthing hospital. Surveys were administered to mothers of newborns by perinatal nurses as part of routine process evaluation prior to hospital discharge between May 30, 2014, and May 15, 2015.

The Role of Communication During Trauma Activations: Investigating the Need for Team and Leader Communication Training.

Objective: Fatal errors due to miscommunication among members of trauma teams are 2 to 4 times more likely to occur than in other medical teams, yet most trauma team members do not receive communication effectiveness training. A needs assessment was conducted to examine trauma team members' miscommunication experiences and research scientists' evaluations of live trauma activations. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate that communication training is necessary and highlight specific team communication competencies that trauma teams should learn to improve communication during activations.

Does restraint status in motor vehicle crash with rollover predict the need for trauma team presence on arrival? An ATOMAC study.

Purpose: Restraint status has not been combined with mechanistic criteria for trauma team activation. This study aims to assess the relationship between motor vehicle crash rollover (MVC-R) mechanism with and without proper restraint and need for trauma team activation.

Methods: Patients <16years old involved in an MVC-R between November 2007 and November 2012 at 6 Level 1 pediatric trauma centers were included.

Designing optimal mortality risk prediction scores that preserve clinical knowledge.

Many in-hospital mortality risk prediction scores dichotomize predictive variables to simplify the score calculation. However, hard thresholding in these additive stepwise scores of the form "add x points if variable v is above/below threshold t" may lead to critical failures. In this paper, we seek to develop risk prediction scores that preserve clinical knowledge embedded in features and structure of the existing additive stepwise scores while addressing limitations caused by variable dichotomization.

Perceptions of injury prevention and familial adjustment among mothers of teen parents.

Introduction: Injury is a leading cause of death for infants and children. Teen mothering has been shown to put children at increased risk of injury. The mothers of teen parents often play a predominant role in the lives and caregiving of the children born to their children.

Evaluating infant core temperature response in a hot car using a heat balance model.

Purpose: Using a 1-year old male infant as the model subject, the objectives of this study were to measure increased body temperature of an infant inside an enclosed vehicle during the work day (8:00 am-4:00 pm) during four seasons and model the time to un-compensable heating, heat stroke [>40 °C (>104 °F)], and critical thermal maximum [>42 °C (>107.6 °F)].

Methods: A human heat balance model was used to simulate a child's physiological response to extreme heat exposure within an enclosed vehicle.

Teaching safety at a summer camp: evaluation of a fire safety curriculum in an urban community setting.

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of the Danger Rangers Fire Safety Curriculum in increasing the fire safety knowledge of low-income, minority children in an urban community setting.

Methods: Data was collected from child participants via teacher/researcher administered pre-, post-, and retention tests. A self-administered questionnaire was collected from parents pre- and post-intervention to assess fire/burn prevention practices.

Sleep behaviors of infants and young children: associated demographic and acculturation characteristics among Hispanic teen mothers.

Accidental suffocation and strangulation in bed is a leading cause of preventable infant death. Bed sharing, teen motherhood, and Hispanic ethnicity have been associated with infant sleep suffocation death. Fifty-five Hispanic teen mothers were surveyed regarding acculturation/demographic characteristics and their infants' sleep behaviors.

Threat of paediatric hyperthermia in an enclosed vehicle: a year-round study.

Objective: To describe temperature change throughout the workday in an enclosed vehicle in Austin, Texas across the calendar year while accounting for heat index.

Methods: In this observational study, vehicular temperature was measured 1 day per month during 2012 in Austin, Texas. Data were recorded at 5-min intervals via an EL-USB-1-PRO digital temperature sensor from 8:00 to 16:00.

Perceptions of injury and prevention practices among pregnant and parenting teenagers.

Injury is a leading cause of death for young children, and the children of teenaged parents may be at increased risk. This qualitative study explored pregnant and parenting teenagers' child safety beliefs and practices related to 4 topics: preventing accidental suffocation via safe sleeping practices, motor vehicle collision safety, prevention of inflicted head trauma, and drowning prevention. Twenty-four focus groups were held with 93 pregnant and/or parenting teenagers.

The association between positive screen for future persistent posttraumatic stress symptoms and injury incident variables in the pediatric trauma care setting.

Background: Posttraumatic stress (PTS) disorder after injury is a significant yet underaddressed issue in the trauma care setting. Parental anxiety may impact a child's risk of future, persistent PTS symptoms after injury. This study aimed to: (1) identify injury incident and demographic variables related to a positive screen for future, persistent PTS symptoms in children; and (2) examine the relationship between parental anxiety and a positive screen for future, persistent PTS symptoms in children.

Teaching safety at a summer camp: evaluation of a water safety curriculum in an urban community setting.

Objectives: The purpose of this project was to evaluate a water safety curriculum in a low-income, minority-focused, urban youth summer camp. The curriculum is available to Safe Kids Coalitions across the country; however, it has not previously been evaluated.

Methods: Participants were pre-K to third-grade students (n = 166).

Under the influence with a child in the car: implications for child safety and caregiver intervention.

Background: Injury is the leading cause of death for those aged 1 year to 44 years in the United States, with motor vehicle collisions (MVCs) the leading cause of injury-related deaths. Little data exist on the relationship between caregiver alcohol and drug use at the time of MVC and child passenger outcomes. We examined the relationship between caregiver substance use in MVCs and a number of demographic, crash severity, and medical outcomes for caregivers and children.