Multicenter study of factors associated with nonsurvival in hospitalized periparturient goats.

Background: Periparturient reproductive complications appear to be common in hospitalized goats. More information is needed about periparturient reproductive complications and survival in goats with these conditions.

Objective: Identify exposure factors associated with nonsurvival in periparturient does hospitalized ≤1 day or ≥2 days.

Antimicrobial Resistance Genes in Respiratory Bacteria from Weaned Dairy Heifers.

Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is the leading cause of mortality and antimicrobial drug (AMD) use in weaned dairy heifers. Limited information is available regarding antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in respiratory bacteria in this population. This study determined AMR gene presence in 326 respiratory isolates (, , and ) from weaned dairy heifers using whole genome sequencing.

Multicenter study of uterine tears and other reproductive complications in periparturient goats presented to veterinary teaching hospitals.

Background: Goats are increasingly popular as both production animals and pets. The frequency of and factors associated with periparturient reproductive complications in goats are largely unreported.

Objectives: (1) To report the frequency of periparturient reproductive complications in does presented to university veterinary hospitals and (2) to identify factors associated with uterine tears in the study population.

Continuous fluid infusion per rectum compared with intravenous fluid infusion in pigs.

Background: Peripheral blood vessels in pigs are not easily accessible, making placement of intravenous catheters difficult. Alternative methods to intravenous administration of fluids, such as administering fluids via the rectum (proctoclysis), are warranted in pigs.

Hypothesis: Administration of polyionic crystalloid fluids via proctoclysis results in hemodilution changes similar to intravenous administration.

Effect of sample volume and time on rumen juice analysis in cattle.

Background: Rumen juice analysis (RJA) involves analysis of a 10mL sample within minutes after sampling. However, it can be challenging to collect 10 mL of rumen juice (RJ) from some ruminants, and clinical circumstances can delay RJA.

Objectives: Quantify the effect of sample volume (2, 5, 10, 50, and 100 mL), and time-to-analysis (0, 30, and 60 minutes) on RJA.

When dermatologic diseases are devastating: differentiating common endemic conditions in the United States from sheep and goat pox.

This article provides information to help US-based practitioners develop differential diagnoses for, and recognize foreign animal diseases associated with, dermatologic lesions in small ruminants. Sheep and goat pox are currently considered foreign animal diseases (in the United States) and may cause lesions similar to other endemic diseases of small ruminants including orf, ulcerative dermatosis, bluetongue, and dermatophilosis. Any cases involving unusual dermatologic lesions associated with high morbidity and/or mortality warrant reporting to governmental authorities including USDA APHIS or state regulatory veterinarians for herd or flock investigations.

Identifying Associations in Minimum Inhibitory Concentration Values of Samples Obtained From Weaned Dairy Heifers in California Using Bayesian Network Analysis.

Objective: Many antimicrobial resistance (AMR) studies in both human and veterinary medicine use traditional statistical methods that consider one bacteria and one antibiotic match at a time. A more robust analysis of AMR patterns in groups of animals is needed to improve on traditional methods examining antibiotic resistance profiles, the associations between the patterns of resistance or reduced susceptibility for all isolates in an investigation. The use of Bayesian network analysis can identify associations between distributions; this investigation seeks to add to the growing body of AMR pattern research by using Bayesian networks to identify relationships between susceptibility patterns in () isolates obtained from weaned dairy heifers in California.

Diagnosis and management of obstructive urolithiasis in miniature pigs.

This article provides information to assist practitioners in the diagnosis, medical, and surgical management of obstructive urolithiasis in miniature pigs. The article focuses primarily on pigs managed as pets because production swine rarely undergo intensive treatment for urolithiasis. As much as possible, the information in this article is based on published literature, but given the limited number of publications addressing obstructive urolithiasis in pigs, some information is based on the authors' clinical experience.

Skin disease in goats (Capra aegagrus hircus): a retrospective study of 358 cases at a university veterinary teaching hospital (1988-2020).

Background: Goats are important worldwide as a source of milk, meat, fibre and hide, and as show animals and pets.

Hypothesis/objectives: To document the type, signalment associations and prevalence of skin disease in a referral hospital population.

Animals: Case population at a university veterinary teaching hospital.

In-vitro antibiotic resistance phenotypes of respiratory and enteric bacterial isolates from weaned dairy heifers in California.

Antimicrobial drug (AMD) use for bovine respiratory disease (BRD) continues to be concerning for development of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in respiratory and enteric bacteria of cattle. This study aimed to provide data regarding AMR in respiratory isolates, and identify relationships between respiratory and enteric AMD susceptibility, in weaned dairy heifers. A cross-sectional study was performed between June of 2019 and February 2020, on 6 calf rearing facilities in California.

Pharmacokinetic Parameters and Tissue Withdrawal Intervals for Sheep Administered Multiple Oral Doses of Meloxicam.

Meloxicam is an anti-inflammatory drug used to treat pain and inflammation in ruminants including sheep, and pharmacokinetic studies are needed to protect the food supply from drug residues after use in food-producing animals. This study estimated plasma pharmacokinetic parameters and meat withdrawal intervals (WDI) for market sheep after multiple daily oral doses of meloxicam. Single and multiple dose plasma pharmacokinetic studies, a multi-dose tissue depletion study, and a follow-up study to investigate if events prior to slaughter were associated with differences in plasma meloxicam concentrations, all using sample data collected after completion of dosing, were completed.

Clinical management and outcomes for goats, sheep, and pigs hospitalized for treatment of burn injuries sustained in wildfires: 28 cases (2006, 2015, and 2018).

Objective: To characterize injuries and describe medical management and clinical outcomes of goats, sheep, and pigs treated at a veterinary medical teaching hospital for burn injuries sustained during wildfires.

Animals: Goats (n = 9), sheep (12), and pigs (7) that sustained burn injuries from wildfires.

Procedures: Medical records were searched to identify goats, sheep, and pigs that had burn injuries associated with California wildfires in 2006, 2015, and 2018.

Pharmacokinetics of ampicillin-sulbactam in serum and synovial fluid samples following regional intravenous perfusion in the distal portion of a hind limb of adult cattle.

OBJECTIVE To describe concentration-over-time data for ampicillin and sulbactam in the digital and systemic circulations and synovial fluid (SYN) of cattle following a single injection of ampicillin-sulbactam as a regional IV perfusion (RIVP). ANIMALS 6 healthy adult nonlactating Jersey-crossbred cows. PROCEDURES The right hind limb of each cow was aseptically prepared.

ANTEMORTEM DIAGNOSIS OF CYSTIC ENDOMETRIAL HYPERPLASIA AND SUCCESSFUL OVARIOHYSTERECTOMY IN AN AFRICAN WARTHOG (PHACOCHOERUS AFRICANUS).

During a routine geriatric examination on a 9-yr-old, nulliparous female African warthog (Phacochoerus africanus), a severely enlarged, mixed echogenicity uterus was discovered during transabdominal ultrasound. Ovariohysterectomy (OVH) was elected and performed due to concern for a potential neoplastic condition. Postoperatively, the warthog was treated prophylactically with metoclopramide and ranitidine to promote gastrointestinal motility and prevent postoperative ileus.

Congenital isolated cleft mitral valve leaflet and apical muscular ventricular septal defect in a Holstein calf.

A 5-week-old Holstein heifer calf presented for emergency treatment of signs referable to gastrointestinal disease and hypovolemic shock. Fluid resuscitation uncovered clinical signs of primary cardiac disease and echocardiography revealed multiple congenital cardiac defects. Malformations included a cleft anterior mitral valve leaflet resembling an isolated cleft mitral valve and an apically-located muscular ventricular septal defect.