The Outcomes of Pelvic Fracture Urethral Injuries Stratified by Urethral Injury Severity: A Prospective Multi-institutional Genitourinary Trauma Study (MiGUTS).

Objective: To determine patient outcomes across a range of pelvic fracture urethral injury (PFUI) severity. PFUI is a devastating consequence of a pelvic fracture. No study has stratified PFUI outcomes based on severity of the urethral distraction injury.

A multicenter prospective cohort study of endoscopic urethral realignment versus suprapubic cystostomy after complete pelvic fracture urethral injury.

Background: Pelvic fracture urethral injury (PFUI) occurs in up to 10% of pelvic fractures. There is mixed evidence supporting early endoscopic urethral realignment (EUR) over suprapubic tube (SPT) placement and delayed urethroplasty. Some studies show decreased urethral obstruction with EUR, while others show few differences.

Ethnographic investigation of patient-provider communication among African American men newly diagnosed with prostate cancer: a study protocol.

Introduction: In the USA, African American men bear a disproportionate burden of prostate cancer (PCa) compared with all other groups, having a higher incidence and mortality, poorer quality of life and higher dissatisfaction with care. They are also less likely to receive guideline-concordant treatment (eg, undertreatment of aggressive disease). Inadequate patient-provider communication contributes to suboptimal care, which can be exacerbated by patients' limited health literacy, providers' lack of communication skills and time constraints in low-resource, safety net settings.

An American Association for the Surgery of Trauma (AAST) prospective multi-center research protocol: outcomes of urethral realignment versus suprapubic cystostomy after pelvic fracture urethral injury.

Background: Pelvic fracture urethral injuries (PFUI) occur in up to 10% of pelvic fractures. It remains controversial whether initial primary urethral realignment (PR) after PFUI decreases the incidence of urethral obstruction and the need for subsequent urethral procedures. We present methodology for a prospective cohort study analyzing the outcomes of PR versus suprapubic cystostomy tube (SPT) after PFUI.

Outcomes of men on active surveillance for low-risk prostate cancer at a safety-net hospital.

Purpose: To characterize demographic, disease, and cancer outcomes of men on active surveillance (AS) at a safety-net hospital and characterize those who were lost to follow-up (LTFU).

Methods: From January 2004 to November 2014, 104 men with low-risk prostate cancer (PCa) were followed with AS at Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital (ZSFG). Criteria for AS have evolved over time; however, patients with diagnostic prostate-specific antigen (PSA) 10ng/mL or less, clinical stage T1/2, biopsy Gleason score 3 + 3 or 3 + 4, 33% or fewer positive cores, and 50% or less tumor in any single core were potentially eligible for AS.

Lichen Sclerosus Comorbidities and Complications from a National Sample of Patients Treated with Urethroplasty.

Introduction: We characterize comorbidities and inpatient complications of patients with lichen sclerosus who underwent urethroplasty from a large national patient data source.

Methods: We queried the Nationwide Inpatient Sample for patients who underwent urethroplasty between 2000 and 2010. We compared demographics, comorbidities, complications, length of hospital stay and hospital charges for patients with and without the diagnosis of lichen sclerosus.

Validation of a Visual Prostate Symptom Score in Men With Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms in a Health Safety Net Hospital.

Objective: To evaluate the correlation between the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) and the Visual Prostate Symptom Score (VPSS), a visual assessment of urinary stream, frequency, nocturia, and quality of life using pictograms, in a health safety net population.

Methods: Men presenting to San Francisco General Hospital with lower urinary tract symptoms completed the IPSS and the VPSS without and then with assistance. Statistical analysis was performed using the chi-square test, the Wilcoxon signed rank test, and the Spearman rank correlation.

The incidence of erectile dysfunction after pelvic fracture urethral injury: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Pelvic fracture urethral injury (PFUI) is associated with a high risk of erectile dysfunction (ED). The effect of the type of posterior urethral disruption repair on erectile function has not been clearly established. We systematically reviewed and conducted a meta-analysis of the proportion of patients with ED at (i) baseline after pelvic fracture with PFUI, (ii) after immediate primary realignment, and (iii) after delayed urethroplasty.

The incidence, causes, mechanism, risk factors, classification, and diagnosis of pelvic fracture urethral injury.

Background: Pelvic fracture urethral injury (PFUI) is an uncommon but potentially devastating result of pelvic fracture. It ranges in severity based on the cause and the mechanism of injury.

Methods: We reviewed previous reports to identify the incidence, causes, mechanisms of injury and risk factors of PFUI.

Cutaneous Penile Horn.

A 70-year-old man presented with a slowly enlarging glans penis lesion measuring approximately 3 × 2 × 2 cm. On examination, the lesion was indurated with no induration of the glans penis deep to the lesion. He had no palpable lymphadenopathy.

A Drosophila model identifies a critical role for zinc in mineralization for kidney stone disease.

Ectopic calcification is a driving force for a variety of diseases, including kidney stones and atherosclerosis, but initiating factors remain largely unknown. Given its importance in seemingly divergent disease processes, identifying fundamental principal actors for ectopic calcification may have broad translational significance. Here we establish a Drosophila melanogaster model for ectopic calcification by inhibiting xanthine dehydrogenase whose deficiency leads to kidney stones in humans and dogs.

Trends, utilization, and immediate perioperative complications of urethroplasty in the United States: data from the national inpatient sample 2000-2010.

Objective: To determine national urethroplasty trends based on type of surgery and patient and hospital characteristics. We hypothesized that the number of complex urethroplasty procedures performed has increased over time and may be associated with increased periprocedure complications.

Methods: The National Inpatient Sample from years 2000 to 2010 was queried for patients with urethroplasty-associated International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes.

Sports-related genitourinary injuries presenting to United States emergency departments.

Objective: To describe epidemiologic features of sports-related genitourinary (GU) injuries and determine patient cohorts and particular sporting activities associated with increased GU injury risk.

Materials And Methods: The National Electronic Injury Surveillance System, a data set validated to provide a probability sample of injury-related US emergency department (ED) presentations, was analyzed to characterize GU injuries between 2002 and 2010. A total of 13,851 observations were analyzed to derive national estimates.

Electronic Preconsultation as a Method of Quality Improvement for Urological Referrals.

Introduction: Preconsultation exchange is a method to promote expedited care among health care providers through communication between primary care providers and specialists before a clinic visit. We evaluated the efficacy of a preconsultation exchange in streamlining patient visits to the urology clinic with an emphasis on resource efficiency in a safety net hospital.

Methods: Between April 1, 2011 and March 31, 2012 there were 1,705 electronic referrals to our urology department.

Artificial urinary sphincter placement in compromised urethras and survival: a comparison of virgin, radiated and reoperative cases.

Purpose: Although long-term outcomes after initial placement of artificial urinary sphincters are established, limited data exist comparing sphincter survival in patients with compromised urethras (prior radiation, artificial urinary sphincter placement or urethroplasty). We evaluated artificial urinary sphincter failure in patients with compromised and noncompromised urethras.

Materials And Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of 86 sphincters placed at a single institution between December 1997 and September 2012.

Epidemiology of urethral strictures.

Urethral stricture disease is relatively common and is associated with a significant financial cost and potentially debilitating outcomes. Understanding urethral stricture epidemiology is important to identify risk factors associated with the etiology or progression of the disease. This understanding may lead to better treatments and preventative measures that could ameliorate disease severity, produce better health outcomes, and reduce expenditures.

Reoperative urethroplasty. A systematic review.

Objectives: Limited articles are published on reoperative urethroplasty outcomes. We sought to perform a systematic review of re-operative urethroplasty articles over the past fifteen years.

Methods: A systematic review was performed on PubMed using the search terms "Urethra" AND "Surgical Procedures, Operative" OR "Urethroplasty".

Selective angioembolization for traumatic renal injuries: a survey on clinician practice.

Purpose: A variety of clinical and imaging findings are used by clinicians to determine utility of renal angioembolization (AE) in managing renal trauma. Our purpose was to investigate specific criteria that clinicians who manage high-grade renal trauma (HGRT) utilize in decision-making for primary or delayed AE.

Methods: A total of 413 urologists and interventional radiologists (IRs) who practice at level 1 or 2 trauma centers within the United States were provided an original survey via email on experience and opinions regarding the utility of AE for HGRT.

De novo erectile dysfunction after anterior urethroplasty: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: To evaluate the likelihood of developing de novo erectile dysfunction (ED) after anterior urethroplasty and to determine if this likelihood is influenced by age, stricture length, number of previous procedures or timing of evaluation.

Materials And Methods: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and Google Scholar databases were searched for the terms 'urethroplasty', 'urethral obstruction', 'urethral stricture', 'sexual function', 'erection', 'erectile function', 'erectile dysfunction', 'impotence' and 'sexual dysfunction'. Two reviewers evaluated articles for inclusion based on predetermined criteria.

No small slam: increasing incidents of genitourinary injury from toilets and toilet seats.

Objective: To describe the epidemiology of genitourinary (GU) injury from toilets that present to USA Emergency rooms (ERs).

Materials And Methods: The National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) is a stratified probability sample of hospital ER visits for USA consumer product-related injuries. NEISS was used to estimate total toilet- and toilet seat-related GU injury for the years 2002-2010, as well as to describe demographics and injury characteristics.

The association of depression, anxiety and nocturia: a systematic review.

Purpose: This systematic review focuses on the relationship between nocturia and depression/anxiety. Our objective is to provide an overview of current data on the epidemiology, pathophysiology and patient management implications of the association between nocturia and depression/anxiety.

Materials And Methods: We queried PubMed®, Web of Science® and Embase™ in July 2012 to identify abstracts, and original, review and editorial articles on nocturia and mood disorders, specifically depression and anxiety.

Analysis of the effect of estrogen/androgen perturbation on penile development in transgenic and diethylstilbestrol-treated mice.

Because both androgens and estrogens have been implicated in penile morphogenesis, we evaluated penile morphology in transgenic mice with known imbalance of androgen and estrogen signaling using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), histology, and immunohistochemistry of androgen and estrogen receptors α/β. Penises of adult wild-type, estrogen receptor-α knockout (αERKO), estrogen receptor-β knockout (βERKO), aromatase knockout (Arom-KO), and aromatase overexpression (Arom+) mice were evaluated, as well as adult mice treated with diethylstilbestrol (DES) from birth to day 10. Adult penises were examined because the adult pattern is the endpoint of development.