What are the perspectives of adults aged 18-40 living with type 2 diabetes in urban settings towards barriers and opportunities for better health and well-being: a mixed-methods study.

Objectives: Delivered as part of the global assessment of diabetes in urban settings, this study explores different aspects of living with type 2 diabetes, for adults aged 18-40. Primary questions were as follows: (1) can we identify subgroups of adults under 40 years old sharing specific perspectives towards health, well-being and living with type 2 diabetes and (2) do these perspectives reveal specific barriers to and opportunities for better type 2 diabetes prevention and management and improved well-being?

Design: The study employed a mixed-method design with data collected through demographic questionnaires, Q-sort statement sorting exercises, focus groups discussions and individual interviews.

Setting: Primary care across Greater Manchester, UK.

Scale and spread of innovation in health and social care: Insights from the evaluation of the New Care Model/Vanguard programme in England.

Objective: Little is known about how to achieve scale and spread beyond the early local adoption of an innovative health care programme. We use the New Care Model - or 'Vanguard' - programme in the English National Health Service to illuminate the process, assessing why only one of five Vanguard programmes was successfully scaled up.

Methods: We interviewed a wide range of stakeholders involved in the Vanguard programme, including programme leads, provider organisations, and policymakers.

What makes a socially skilled leader? Findings from the implementation and operation of New Care Models (Vanguards) in England.

Purpose: The article aims to argue that the concept of "distributed leadership" lacks the specificity required to allow a full understanding of how change happens. The authors therefore utilise the "Strategic Action Field Framework" (SAF) (Moulton and Sandfort, 2017) as a more sensitive framework for understanding leadership in complex systems. The authors use the New Care Models (Vanguard) Programme as an exemplar.

Suitability and acceptability of the Carer Support Needs Assessment Tool (CSNAT) for the assessment of carers of people with MND: a qualitative study.

Objectives: Motor neurone disease (MND) is a progressive, life-limiting illness. Caregiving impacts greatly on family carers with few supportive interventions for carers. We report Stages 1 and 2 of a study to: (1) explore experiences of MND caregiving and use carer-identified support needs to determine suitability and acceptability of the Carer Support Needs Assessment Tool (CSNAT), (2) adapt the CSNAT as necessary for comprehensive assessment and support of MND carers, prior to (Stage 3) feasibility testing.

Safety work and risk management as burdens of treatment in primary care: insights from a focused ethnographic study of patients with multimorbidity.

Background: In primary health care, patient safety failures can arise in service access, doctor-patient relationships, communication between care providers, relational and management continuity, or technical procedures. Through the lens of multimorbidty, and using qualitative ethnographic methods, our study aimed to illuminate safety issues in primary care.

Methods: Data were triangulated from electronic health records (EHRs); observation of primary care consultations; annual interviews with patients, (informal) care providers and GPs.

Longer-baseline telescopes using quantum repeaters.

We present an approach to building interferometric telescopes using ideas of quantum information. Current optical interferometers have limited baseline lengths, and thus limited resolution, because of noise and loss of signal due to the transmission of photons between the telescopes. The technology of quantum repeaters has the potential to eliminate this limit, allowing in principle interferometers with arbitrarily long baselines.

Experimental realization of maximum confidence quantum state discrimination for the extraction of quantum information.

We present the first experimental demonstration of the maximum confidence measurement strategy for quantum state discrimination. Applying this strategy to an arbitrary set of states assigns to each input state a measurement outcome which, when realized, gives the highest possible confidence that the state was indeed present. The theoretically optimal measurement for discriminating between three equiprobable symmetric qubit states is implemented in a polarization-based free-space interferometer.

Maximum confidence quantum measurements.

We consider the problem of discriminating between states of a specified set with maximum confidence. For a set of linearly independent states unambiguous discrimination is possible if we allow for the possibility of an inconclusive result. For linearly dependent sets an analogous measurement is one which allows us to be as confident as possible that when a given state is identified on the basis of the measurement result, it is indeed the correct state.