Objectives: To test associations of adenosine A receptor gene () polymorphisms with maximal concentric contraction pain, caffeine-induced perceptual changes, and responses to mild eccentric injury.
Design: Targeted candidate gene association study.
Methods: (rs5751876) was genotyped in 26 adults.
Collectively classified as white-rot fungi, certain basidiomycetes efficiently degrade the major structural polymers of wood cell walls. A small subset of these Agaricomycetes, exemplified by Phlebiopsis gigantea, is capable of colonizing freshly exposed conifer sapwood despite its high content of extractives, which retards the establishment of other fungal species. The mechanism(s) by which P.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUstilago maydis, causal agent of corn smut disease, is a dimorphic fungus alternating between a saprobic budding haploid and an obligate pathogenic filamentous dikaryon. Maize responds to U. maydis colonization by producing tumorous structures, and only within these does the fungus sporulate, producing melanized sexual teliospores.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMembers of the fungal-specific velvet protein family regulate sexual and asexual spore production in the Ascomycota. We predicted, therefore, that velvet homologs in the basidiomycetous plant pathogen Ustilago maydis would regulate sexual spore development, which is also associated with plant disease progression in this fungus. To test this hypothesis, we studied the function of three U.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIn Arabidopsis thaliana, the main route of cyclic electron transport around PSI is sensitive to antimycin A, but the site of inhibition has not been clarified. We discovered that ferredoxin-dependent plastoquinone reduction in ruptured chloroplasts was less sensitive to antimycin A in Arabidopsis that overaccumulated PGR5 (PROTON GRADIENT REGULATION 5) originating from Pinus taeda (PtPGR5) than that in the wild type. Consistent with this in vitro observation, infiltration of antimycin A reduced PSII yields and the non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) of Chl fluorescence in wild-type leaves but not in leaves accumulating PtPGR5.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIn this letter, we advocate recognizing the genus Fusarium as the sole name for a group that includes virtually all Fusarium species of importance in plant pathology, mycotoxicology, medicine, and basic research. This phylogenetically guided circumscription will free scientists from any obligation to use other genus names, including teleomorphs, for species nested within this clade, and preserve the application of the name Fusarium in the way it has been used for almost a century. Due to recent changes in the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants, this is an urgent matter that requires community attention.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThis study examined how endorsement of benevolent sexist ideologies predicts perceptions of requesters who use a term of endearment and of the female addressees who comply with their requests. Undergraduate women who previously completed the Benevolent Sexism Scale as part of the Ambivalent Sexism Inventory were randomly assigned to one of four groups. They watched one of four videos in which a female addressee responded to a request that either included or did not include the term of endearment "hon"; the requester was either male or female.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDespite the economical importance of shiitake (Lentinula ssp.) mushrooms, until the present date little information exists on cultivated and wild species in correlation with geographic origin applying molecular techniques. Use of a high resolution molecular tool like AFLP for assessing genetic similarity and geographical diversity would be an important step towards understanding of different Lentinula species.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe ascomycetous fungus Nectria haematococca, (asexual name Fusarium solani), is a member of a group of >50 species known as the "Fusarium solani species complex". Members of this complex have diverse biological properties including the ability to cause disease on >100 genera of plants and opportunistic infections in humans. The current research analyzed the most extensively studied member of this complex, N.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThere are at least two photosynthetic cyclic electron transport (CET) pathways in most C(3) plants: the NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (NDH)-dependent pathway and a pathway dependent upon putative ferredoxin:plastoquinone oxidoreductase (FQR) activity. While the NDH complex has been identified, and shown to play a role in photosynthesis, especially under stress conditions, less is known about the machinery of FQR-dependent CET. Recent studies indicate that FQR-dependent CET is dependent upon PGR5, a small protein of unknown function.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPSI cyclic electron transport contributes markedly to photosynthesis and photoprotection in flowering plants. Although the thylakoid protein PGR5 (Proton Gradient Regulation 5) has been shown to be essential for the main route of PSI cyclic electron transport, its exact function remains unclear. In transgenic Arabidopsis plants overaccumulating PGR5 in the thylakoid membrane, chloroplast development was delayed, especially in the cotyledons.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIsolates of two biologically and phylogenetically distinct species, referred to as Fusarium solani f. sp. cucurbitae race 1 (Fsc-1 = Nectria haematococca mating population I [MPI]) and F.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUstilago maydis has emerged as an important model system for the study of fungi. Like many fungi, U. maydis undergoes remarkable morphological transitions throughout its life cycle.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe cell wall, a mesh of carbohydrates and proteins, shapes and protects the fungal cell. The enzyme responsible for the synthesis of one of the main components of the fungal wall, 1,3-beta-glucan synthase, is targeted by the antifungal caspofungin acetate (CFA). Clinical isolates of Candida albicans and Aspergillus fumigatus are much more sensitive to CFA than clinical isolates of Fusarium species.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA targeted genomics approach was used to construct a cDNA array of potential pathogen-regulated genes for investigating host-pathogen interactions in pine trees (Pinus species). This array, containing a nonredundant set of 311 cDNAs, was assembled by combining smaller sets of cDNAs generated by differential display or suppression subtraction hybridization using a variety of pathogen treatments and elicitors. The array was probed to identify host genes regulated by Fusarium circinatum, a necrotrophic fungus that incited pitch canker disease on pine stems.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAppl Environ Microbiol
January 2004
Cronartium quercuum f. sp. fusiforme is the causative agent of fusiform rust disease of southern pines in the United States.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFluorescence in situ hybridization to extended DNA fibers (fiber-FISH) serves as a powerful tool for direct physical mapping in plants and animals. Here, we show that fiber-FISH is useful for contig mapping as well as for estimating the physical distance between genetic markers in fungi. A five-cosmid contig from a chromosome of Nectria haematococca and four cloned genetic markers from a linkage map of Cochliobolus heterostrophus were chosen as models for the application of this technology.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIn the plant pathogenic ascomycete Nectria haematococca mating population (MP) VI, the conditionally dispensable chromosomes are unstable during sexual reproduction. During mapping of such a chromosome, three dispersed repeats were identified. Nht2, one of these repeated elements, is a long terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposon that is 5.
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